Frequency of Congenital Anomalies in the Brazilian Midwest and the Association with Maternal Risk Factors: Case-control Study

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the frequency of structural congenital anomalies (CAs) in the midwest of Brazil and its association with maternal risk factors. Methods This was a prospective, observational, case-control study based on a hospital population. Pregnant women attended at a fetal medicine service in Brazil were analyzed in the period from October 2014 to February 2016.A total of 357 pregnant women were included, 223 of whom had fetuses with structural anomalies (group case), and 134 of whom had structurally normal fetuses (control group). The clinical history was made previous to prenatal consultation, and the diagnosis of the structural CA was performed through ultrasound. Results A frequency of 64.27% (n = 223) of pregnant women with fetuses with structural anomalies was observed. The most frequent structural CAs were those of the central nervous system (30.94%), followed by anomalies of the genitourinary system (23.80%), and, finally, by multiple CAs (16.60%). The background of previous children with CAs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.85; p = 0.022), family history (OR: 6.03; p = < 0.001), and consanguinity between the progenitors (OR: 4.43; p = 0.034) influenced the occurrence of structural CA. Conclusion The most frequent CAs are those of the central nervous system, followed by those of the genitourinary system, and then multiple anomalies. The maternal risk factors that may have influenced the occurrence of structural CA were previous children with CA, family history, and consanguinity among the parents.

Prevalência de anomalias congênitas no brasil: 2017-2020

“…Em relação à faixa etária materna, é descrito na literatura que mães com idade menor do que 20 anos ou maior do que 40 anos podem apresentar maior risco de gerarem crianças com anomalias congênitas 5,15,16,17 . Entretanto, em nosso estudo, observamos que a prevalência de anomalias congênitas foi maior em mães na faixa etária de 19 a 40 anos, correspondendo a 8,25 casos a cada 1.000 nascidos vivos.…”

“…Desta forma, nosso estudo difere com trabalhos realizados em diferentes regiões do Brasil, como São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul e Maranhão 2,4,18 , locais em que os extremos de idade foram considerados fatores de associação importantes para malformações congênitas 19 . Porém, em um estudo realizado no Centro-Oeste brasileiro, não foi encontrada correlação entre anomalias congênitas e idade materna 17 .…”