Frequency of Different Dental Irregularities Associated With Cleft Lip and Palate in a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital

Abstract

BackgroundOro-facial clefts (OFCs) are formed due to a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors. Treatment is usually extensive and lasts till adult age. The treatment also includes a large portion of dental rehabilitation. ObjectiveThis study aims to look at the different dental anomalies associated with OFCs. MethodsA total of 100 participants with OFCs were randomly selected from Clap centre Lahore. They were categorized into cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both. Dental anomalies were recorded clinically and family history for OFCs was also recorded. ResultsOut of the 100 participants, 15 had CL only, 37 had a CP, and 48 had both CL and CP. Missing teeth and hypodontia were significantly associated with all OFCs (p-value > 0.05). Supernumerary teeth were only significantly associated with CP (p-value: 0.04). Other dental anomalies were not significant for OFCs. ConclusionOFCs in all its three forms are associated with dental irregularities. They can either be missing teeth or extra teeth. There is a strong need for dentists to be a part of the treatment planning of OFCs and to treat dental anomalies alongside the clefts.

Symmetry and Aesthetics in Dentistry

“…Untreated unilateral cleft lips have a great impact on facial symmetry and even if successfully treated, cleft lip patients may exhibit asymmetry in perioral movements, e.g., when smiling [85]. Other structural asymmetries include missing teeth and teeth disproportions with smaller teeth on the affected side of the maxilla, although mandibular teeth were larger on the cleft side and dental asymmetries also occur in unaffected persons [86][87][88][89].…”

Dental anomalies in non‐syndromic orofacial clefts: A clinical approach

“…Among individuals with NSOC, in general, hypodontia is more common in the maxilla than in the mandible, with the upper lateral incisors being the most commonly absent teeth, usually in the (Figure 2) cleft area (Ajami et al, 2017; Huda et al, 2021; Konstantonis et al, 2017; Nichols, 2016; Pradhan et al, 2020). In this etiological context of the two anomalies coursing together, Hovorakova in 2018, points to specific insights, hypothesizing that there is a dual origin for tooth formation in the embryonic fusion region.…”

“…In general, dental anomalies in subjects with NSOC occur more frequently in the maxilla (Ajami et al, 2017; Huda et al, 2021; Konstantonis et al, 2017; Nicholls, 2016; Pradhan et al, 2020). In studies that consider all dental alterations, including the cleft area, the lateral incisors in the cleft area are the most affected teeth.…”

“…Outside the cleft area, the most affected teeth are the lateral incisor contralateral to the cleft and the second premolars (Ajami et al, 2017;Huda et al, 2021;Konstantonis et al, 2017;Pradhan et al, 2020).…”

“…In studies that consider all dental alterations, including the cleft area, the lateral incisors in the cleft area are the most affected teeth. Outside the cleft area, the most affected teeth are the lateral incisor contralateral to the cleft and the second premolars (Ajami et al, 2017; Huda et al, 2021; Konstantonis et al, 2017; Nicholls, 2016; Pradhan et al, 2020).…”