Frequency of Disinfectant Resistance Genes and Genetic Linkage with β-Lactamase Transposon Tn<i>552</i>among Clinical Staphylococci

Sidhu, M. S.; Heir, Even; Leegaard, Truls Michael; Wiger, Karianne; Holck, Askild Lorentz

doi:10.1128/aac.46.9.2797-2803.2002

Cited by 181 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent studies in Norway of human clinical staphylococcal isolates and food-related staphylococci suggest that there is a linkage between resistance to QACs and resistance to penicillin (23,24). In human hospital environments, it has been shown that staphylococci resistant to BC more frequently were resistant to certain antibiotics than were BC-sensitive isolates, indicating that the presence of either resistance determinant selects for the other during antimicrobial therapy and disinfection (23). In one of the herds, where QAC preparations were used daily for teat disinfection to prevent mastitis, milk samples were collected on several occasions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread Distribution of Disinfectant Resistance Genes among Staphylococci of Bovine and Caprine Origin in Norway

Bjorland

Steinum²,

Kvitle³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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125

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We demonstrate here a widespread distribution of genes mediating efflux-based resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in staphylococci from unpasteurized milk from 127 dairy cattle herds and 70 dairy goat herds. QAC resistance genes were identified in 21% of the cattle herds (qacA/B, smr, qacG, and qacJ) and in 10% of the goat herds (qacA/B and smr). Further examination of 42 QAC-resistant bovine and caprine isolates revealed the following genes: qacA/B (12 isolates) was present in four different species of coagulasenegative staphylococci (CoNS), smr (27 isolates) was detected in eight different CoNS species and in Staphylococcus aureus on a previously reported plasmid (pNVH99), qacG (two isolates) was detected on two plasmids (pST94-like) in Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus warneri, and qacJ (two isolates) was found in Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus delphini on a plasmid (pNVH01) previously found in equine staphylococci. Isolation of indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) CoNS types from tank milk and mammary quarter milk samples in a dairy cattle herd suggested that these QAC-resistant staphylococci were of intramammary origin. Indistinguishable or closely related PFGE types of bovine QAC-resistant CoNS were observed in different herds. One particular bovine S. warneri PFGE type was isolated repeatedly from samples collected during a 30-month period in a herd, showing long-term persistence. In conclusion, it seems that the widespread distribution of staphylococci carrying QAC resistance genes in Norwegian dairy cattle and goat herds is the result of both the intra-and interspecies spread of QAC resistance plasmids and the clonal spread of QAC-resistant strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in Norway of human clinical staphylococci and foodrelated staphylococci have shown that a linkage between QAC resistance and penicillin resistance occurs quite frequently (23,24). qacA/B and the ␤-lactamase gene (blaZ) were found to reside on common plasmids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Distribution of Disinfectant Resistance Genes among Staphylococci of Bovine and Caprine Origin in Norway

Bjorland

Steinum²,

Kvitle³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

Self Cite

125

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“…Presence of IS257 was determined as described (Sidhu et al, 2002) with slight modifications. Primers based on the whole-genome sequence of Staph.…”

Section: Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host adaptation of bovine Staphylococcus aureus seems associated with bacteriological cure after lactational antimicrobial treatment

Borne

Nielen

Schaik

et al. 2010

Journal of Dairy Science

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Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases in multiple species. Some sequence types (ST) are observed in a variety of hosts, whereas other strains are mainly associated with bovine mastitis, suggesting host adaptation. We propose that host adaptation of Staph. aureus may influence bacteriological cure of bovine subclinical mastitis after antimicrobial treatment. To test this hypothesis, multilocus sequence typing was performed on Staph. aureus isolates from 60 treated and 79 untreated control quarters that were obtained from well-defined cohorts of dairy cows from a recently conducted randomized field trial on early treatment of subclinical mastitis. Bovine-associated ST were distinguished from non-bovine-associated ST based on the literature and public databases. The association between host adaptation and bacteriological cure was investigated using population-averaged logistic regression models. Thirteen ST were identified, with approximately 80% of isolates belonging to bovine-associated ST. The odds for cure were around 2.5 times as high for non-bovine-associated ST as for bovine ST in treated quarters, whereas no difference in spontaneous cure was observed in untreated control quarters. In addition, host adaptation was related to known predictors of cure, such as penicillin susceptibility and somatic cell count. All isolates belonging to non-bovine-associated ST were resistant to penicillin, whereas the majority of isolates belonging to bovine-associated ST were penicillin susceptible. Penicillin-resistant bovine-associated strains were associated with high somatic cell counts compared with other strains. The correlation between penicillin resistance, cell counts, and host adaptation may affect the association between host adaptation and cure. For diagnostic purposes, a simple and fast alternative to multilocus sequence typing of Staph. aureus to determine host adaptation may be valuable.

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“…We call attention to the fact that if the qacA/B gene is present at 80% of those MRSA, carefulness of controlling their survival in the hospital environment must be considered since the high prevalence of qacA/B gene might be either due selective pressure imposed by the large use of QACs disinfectant or due the cross-resistance and co-resistance between QACs and antibiotics (Sidhu et al 2002). Moreover it is necessary to have trained staff and use the best management practices for disinfecting, employing only the amount of disinfectant necessary to do the job to ensure the killing of microorganisms.…”

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The presence of qacA/B gene in Brazilian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Miyazaki

Abreu

Marin

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, which characterize for being resistant to multiple antibiotics, have become one of the most important nosocomial pathogens causing considerable morbidity and mortality in hospitals (Hiramatsu et al. 2001). Clinical isolates of MRSA carry the mecA gene that codes for a penicillin-binding protein (PBP) referred to PBP2a or PBP2', an inducible 78-kDa PBP. In susceptible strains there is no mecA gene homolog (Chambers 1997). The transmission of some important nosocomial pathogens including MRSA has been linked to environmental contamination and since outbreaks of hospital infections due to MRSA first became a serious problem, counter measures have concentrated on the prevention of infection rather than on medical treatment (Noguchi et al. 1999).One of the essential measures of hospital infection control is the use of disinfectants for inanimate objects and surfaces, and antiseptics for topical living tissue applications (McDonnell & Russell 1999). Disinfectants and antiseptics containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) are extensively used in health care settings, and some data suggest that MRSA strains may exhibit decreased susceptibility to QAC by qac determinants, which confer resistance through efflux pumps that are membrane-bound, proton-motive force-dependent cation export protein (Chapman 2003). In clinical staphylococci, qac resistance determinants have been detected on plasmids carrying various antibiotic resistance genes. The large numbers of chemotherapeutic agents employed into clinical practice resulted in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among bacterial populations. Concerns have arisen regarding the potential emergence of cross-resistance and co-resistance between widely used disinfectants and antibiotics (Noguchi et al. 1999).The purpose of the present study was to investigate the qacA/B determinant distribution among 74 clinical MRSA isolated from Hospitals RJ-A, RJ-B, and RJ-C located in Rio de Janeiro during the years of 2002 and 2003.To identify the isolates, after Gram staining, coagulase and catalase detection, the staphylococci were characterized to the species level on the basis of a APIStaph kit (bioMérieux, France).Total genomic DNA of the microorganisms in this study was extracted using Dneasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The MRSA strains were confirmed through the presence of mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that is so far regarded as the gold standard method for the detection of methicillin resistance. The nucleotide sequences of the primers used for this detection are listed in the Table and S. aureus ATCC 25923 and ATCC 33591 were used respectively as negative and positive control organisms for mecA gene in PCR. The mecA gene was detected in all 74 isolates (100%), which confirms that they were MRSA.Concerning to the detection of qacA/B gene the nucleotide sequences of the primers are listed in the Table. The qacA/B gene was found in 59 (80%) of the 74 MR...

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Frequency of Disinfectant Resistance Genes and Genetic Linkage with β-Lactamase Transposon Tn552among Clinical Staphylococci

Cited by 181 publications

References 29 publications

Widespread Distribution of Disinfectant Resistance Genes among Staphylococci of Bovine and Caprine Origin in Norway

Widespread Distribution of Disinfectant Resistance Genes among Staphylococci of Bovine and Caprine Origin in Norway

Host adaptation of bovine Staphylococcus aureus seems associated with bacteriological cure after lactational antimicrobial treatment

The presence of qacA/B gene in Brazilian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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