Frequency of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Azerbaijan, Iran

Azargun, Robab; Barhaghi, Mohammad Hossein Soroush; Kafil, Hossein Samadi; Oskouee, Mahin Ahangar; Sadeghi, Vahid; Memar, Mohammad Yousef; Ghotaslou, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.11.003

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Fluoroquinolones impede DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, both with crucial roles in bacterial DNA replication, and resistance to quinolones is regularly associated to amino-acid substitutions of gyrA and gyrB gyrases, DNA topoisomerase IV subunits, the quinolone-resistance-determining regions, followed by target modification [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Cases, in Swine Units and a Hospital from Western Romania

Doma

Popescu²,

Mitulețu³

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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Excessive use of antimicrobials and inadequate infection control practices has turned antimicrobial resistance (AMR) into a global, public health peril. We studied the expression of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS plasmid in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant strains of Escherichia coli in swine and humans from Romania, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) for human subjects (H) on 147 samples and 53 swine (S) was ascertained as well as the isolation of bacterial DNA (E. coli) as follows: bacteriolysis, DNA-binding, rinsing, elution, amplification, and nucleic acids’ migration and U.V. visualization stages. From 24 samples of E. coli resistant to CIP collected from H subjects and 15 from S, for PCR analysis, 15 H and 12 S were used, with DNA purity of 1.8. The statistically analyzed results using the Crosstabs function (IBM SPSS Statistics-Ver. 2.1.), revealed the qnrS (417 bp) gene in 13 human subjects (52.0%), as well as in all swine samples studied. The qnrB (526 bp) gene was exposed in 9 of the human patients (36.0%) and in all swine isolates, and the qnrA (516 bp) gene was observed only in 3 of the isolates obtained from human subjects (12.0%) and was not discovered in pigs (p > 0.05). The presence of plasmids qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS in the human samples and of qnrB and qnrS in swine, facilitates the survival of pathogens despite the CIP action. The long-term use of CIP could cause a boost in the prevalence of qnr resistance genes, and resistance in the pigs destined for slaughter, a perturbing fact for public health and the human consumer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Cases, in Swine Units and a Hospital from Western Romania

Doma

Popescu²,

Mitulețu³

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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“…In this study, we analyzed 17 isolates showing MXF MIC value of ≥0.25 µg/ml and found that 9 isolates had a leucine mutation at Ser84 of GyrA gene (Table 1), a finding that is consistent with previous reports. Considering the reports on Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae (19), Enterococcus faecalis (20), and other bacteria, this finding suggests that GyrA is a likely primary target of quinolones for their antimicrobial activity similary, against H. influenzae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is difficult to predict whether the frequency of quinolone-resistant H. influenzae isolates will increase in the future. Nevertheless, we consider that an outbreak of quinolone-resistant H. influenzae is likely to occur because the population aged >65 years is a risk factor for this resistance (7), quinolone-resistant E. coli is increasing rapidly over recent years, and quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates also have mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (19). In 2015, a global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was adopted by the World Health Assembly, and member countries developed national action plans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring quinolone resistance due to Haemophilus influenzae mutations (2012–17)

Nagatomo

Shirakura

Fukuchi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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17Among drug-resistant bacteria of recent concern, we determined minimum inhibitory 18 concentrations (MICs) of six different quinolone antibacterial agents in Haemophilus 19 influenzae and performed molecular genetic analysis in addition to the exploration for 20 β-lactamase-producing and β-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae 21 (BLNAR). A total of 144 clinical H. influenzae strains isolated at the Showa University 22 Hospital between 2012 and 2017 were subjected to MIC determination for 23 penicillin/quinolone antibacterial agents using the nitrocefin method and the Clinical 24 and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. Moreover, amino acid 25 mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were analyzed in 26 the isolates showing MIC value of ≥ 0.25 µg/ml of quinolone antibacterial agents. 27Increasing proportions of BLNAR were noted, with 15% in 2015 to 43.5% in 2016 and 28 63.6% in 2017. Among quinolone antibacterial agents, all isolates remained susceptible 29 to sitafloxacin (STFX), and STFX showed strong inhibitory potencies against both 30 DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. For moxifloxacin (MXF), however, strains with 31 MIC value of 0.5 µg/ml were detected every year since 2013 except 2015. Amino acid 32 mutations were investigated in 17 isolates (11.8%) with MXF MIC value of ≥0.25 33 µg/ml, and confirmed in 11 isolates (7.6%), of which mutations of GyrA were found in 34 3 3 9 isolates. Future antibacterial drug regimens may need to address the emergence of 35 quinolone-resistant H. influenzae. 36 37 38 4 4 Introduction 39 Haemophilus influenzae is the second most common causative bacterium of 40 community-acquired pneumonia, following Streptococcus pneumoniae, and has taken 41 the leading position after pneumococcal vaccines became popular (1). β-Lactam 42 antibiotics have previously been used for the treatment of community-acquired 43 pneumonia. In the 2000s, however, β-lactamase producing ampicillin-resistant (BLPAR) 44 bacteria have been increasingly detected in Canada (2), Japan, and some other countries. 45 In addition, β-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) bacteria have been 46 increasingly detected in Japan in the recent years (3). Moreover, BLNAR bacteria 47 65 GyrA gene encoding DNA gyrase or ParC gene encoding topoisomerase IV, which 66 cause three-dimensional structural alterations in the respective enzymes and decrease 67 the affinity between fluoroquinolones and these replication enzymes (9). In the case of 68 H. influenzae, drug resistance has been shown to be strongly related to mutations of 69 serine and aspartic acid at positions 84 and 88 of GyrA and of serine at position 84 of 70 ParC (10). However, only a limited number of previous studies have investigated 71 mutations in QRDRs in the same institution over time or have compared MICs among 72 different quinolones.In this study, we tested sensitivity levels to quinolone and 73 penicillin antibacterial agents over 6 years in H. influenzae strains that were isolated at ...

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“…The increasing ability of cipro oxacin-resistance or tolerance may lead to high clinical failure rate of bacterial infections and increasing prevalence of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria [4,5]. The canonical mechanisms of cipro oxacin-resistance include genetic mutations of gyrA and parC or horizontal dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes which protects or modi es the targets the uoroquinolone [6]. Many studies have shown that transcriptional response in bacterial cells induced by subinhibitory concentration of antibiotics contributes the formation of bacterial resistance [7,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide screening and characterization of genes involved in response to high dose of ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli

Sun

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is an urgent threat to public health. Prior to the evolution of antibiotic resistance, bacteria frequently undergo response and tend to develop a state of adaption to the antibiotic. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic by damaging DNA. With the widespread clinical application, the resistance of bacteria to ciprofloxacin continues to increase. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome changes under the action of high concentration of ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli. Results We identified 773 higher expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 645 lower expressed DEGs in ciprofloxacin treated cells. Enriched biological pathways reflected the up-regulation of biological process such as DNA damage and repair system, toxin/antitoxin systems, formaldehyde detoxification system, peptide biosynthetic process and cellular protein metabolic process. With KEGG pathway analysis, higher expressed DEGs of kdsA and waa operon were associated with “LPS biosynthesis”. rfbABC operon was related to “streptomycin biosynthesis” and “polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis ”. Lower expressed DEGs of thrABC and fliL operons were associated with “flagellum-dependent cell motility” and “bacterial-type flagellum” in GO terms, and enriched into “biosynthesis of amino acids” and “flagellar assembly” in KEGG pathways. After treatment of ciprofloxacin, bacterial lipopolysacchride (LPS) release was increased by two times, and the mRNA expression level of LPS synthesis genes, waaB, waaP and waaG were elevated (P < 0.05). Conclusions Characterization of the gene clusters by RNA-seq showed high dose of ciprofloxacin not only lead to damage of bacterial macromolecules and components, but also induce protective response against antibiotic action by up-regulating the SOS system, toxin/antitoxin system and formaldehyde detoxification system. Moreover, genes related to biosynthesis of LPS were also higher expressed by the treatment indicating that ciprofloxacin can enhance the production of endotoxin on the level of transcription. These results demonstrated that transient exposure of high dose ciprofloxacin is double edged. Cautions should be taken when administering the high dose antibiotic treatment for infectious diseases.

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Frequency of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Azerbaijan, Iran

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Comparative Evaluation of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Cases, in Swine Units and a Hospital from Western Romania

Comparative Evaluation of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Cases, in Swine Units and a Hospital from Western Romania

Monitoring quinolone resistance due to Haemophilus influenzae mutations (2012–17)

Genome-wide screening and characterization of genes involved in response to high dose of ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli

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