Frequency of elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels among type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency of elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. Period: From 28 September 2012 to 26 March 2015. Material & Methods: Type 2 Diabetic patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients with conditions known to cause altered homocysteine levels were excluded. Patients’ HbA1c and fasting serum homocysteine levels were obtained. Level >15 μmol/L was labeled as elevated. Data was collected with the help of Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: (90) ninety patients were enrolled in this study during study period with mean age of 61.5±7.3 years. Of (90) ninety patients, 45 (50%) were male and 45 (50%) were female with male to female ratio of 1:1. Mean duration of diabetes was 6.9±1.7 years. 40 (44.44%) cases were of controlled diabetes and 43 (47.7%) were on treatment. Of 90 patients 36 (40%) patients had Homocysteinemia. Homocysteine levels were found to be significantly raised in males 51.1% v/s 28.8% (p<0.03), older patients (>60 years of age) 55.5% v/s 16.6% (p<0.001), having diabetes for > 7 years, 59.2% v/s 17%(p<0.00004), in 21% v/s 57.4% cases who were and were not on treatment respectively (p<0.0004), in 22.5% patients with controlled diabetes and 54% patients with uncontrolled diabetes respectively (p<0.002). Conclusion: Hyperhomocystenemia is prevalent (40%) in type 2 diabetics with statistically significant raised levels in males, >60 years of age, non-compliant diabetics, have long duration diabetes, and uncontrolled disease.

The sex‐specific effect of the apolipoprotein E allele and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism on the biochemical, anatomical, and cognitive profiles of patients clinically diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease

“…H‐Hcy has been reported frequently in type II diabetes patients who exhibit enhanced HbA1c levels 33 . Hyperglycemia and H‐Hcy, which impair the microcirculation, are potential risk factors of atherosclerosis 33 . However, whether enhanced homocysteine level is a cause or consequence of dementia remains unclear.…”

“…HbA1c was positively correlated to H‐Hcy. H‐Hcy has been reported frequently in type II diabetes patients who exhibit enhanced HbA1c levels 33 . Hyperglycemia and H‐Hcy, which impair the microcirculation, are potential risk factors of atherosclerosis 33 .…”

“…33 Hyperglycemia and H-Hcy, which impair the microcirculation, are potential risk factors of atherosclerosis. 33 However, whether enhanced homocysteine level is a cause or consequence of dementia remains unclear. Recently, the prevalence of this mutation was found to vary depending on the ethnicity and geographical location.…”