Frequency of food allergy in Europe: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

Spolidoro, Giulia Carla Immacolata; Amera, Yohannes Tesfaye; Ali, Mohamed Mustafa; Nyassi, Sungkutu; Lisik, Daniil; Ioannidou, Athina; Rovner, Graciela; Khaleva, Ekaterina; Venter, Carina; Ree, Ronald van; Worm, Margitta; Vlieg‐Boerstra, Berber; Sheikh, Aziz; Muraro, Antonella; Roberts, Graham; Nwaru, Bright I.

doi:10.1111/all.15560

Cited by 122 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(231 reference statements)

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“…Regardless of the mechanism implicated, FA constitutes a major health concern, which affects the quality of life (QoL) of the children with FA, but also their families [ 7 ]. In the last decades, the prevalence of FA has risen, especially in the western world, and currently about 8% of children are reported to be affected [ 8 , 9 ]. To date, no effective treatment has been established, and strict allergen avoidance continues to be the main advice for management, which is difficult to apply [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

et al. 2023

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During the last decades the prevalence of food allergy (FA), an adverse immune response to a specific food antigen, has risen, with negative effects on the quality of life (QoL) of many children and their families. The pathogenesis of FA is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. SPINK5, STAT6, HLA and FOXP3 are some of the genes that are reported to be implicated in FA development. Regarding environmental factors, particular interest has been focused on modification of the dietary habits of pregnant women for the primary prevention of FA. Specifically, Vitamin D and omega-3 (Ω-3) fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy may influence the development of FA in the offspring. Vitamin D is a hormone with various actions, including mediation of the immune system, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and promoting tolerance. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy suppresses T-regulatory cells in the fetus, and Vitamin D supplementation might protect against FA development. Dietary Ω-3 fatty acids are found mainly in fish and vegetable oils. They are beneficial for human health, playing a role in the immune system as anti-inflammatory agents, and providing cell membrane stabilization with inhibition of antigen presentation. It is documented that maternal supplementation with Ω-3 during pregnancy may protect from allergic sensitization in the children. The aim of this literature review was to explore the potential preventive role of maternal supplementation during pregnancy with Vitamin D and Ω-3 in the development of FA in the offspring. With the prevalence of FA rising, all the possible protective mechanisms and measures for FA prevention need to be explored, starting with those that can be modified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

et al. 2023

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“…Although CM and HE are common food allergens worldwide, especially in the population of young children, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 there are no publications directly comparing their phenotypes. Our aim was to evaluate similarities and differences between these trigger groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 2 , 3 Cow's milk (CM) and hen's egg (HE) are the top two triggers during the first 2 years of life (1.3% for CM compared to 0.8% for HE). 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 Though their prevalence is not very dynamic, the problem is still clinically relevant, even when most infants outgrow both of these food allergies. 8 , 9 Nevertheless, for children in whom the symptoms persist there is still a high risk of severe anaphylaxis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food allergens are the most frequent triggers of anaphylaxis in children 1–3 . Cow's milk (CM) and hen's egg (HE) are the top two triggers during the first 2 years of life (1.3% for CM compared to 0.8% for HE) 4–7 . Though their prevalence is not very dynamic, the problem is still clinically relevant, even when most infants outgrow both of these food allergies 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cow's milk and hen's egg anaphylaxis: A comprehensive data analysis from the European Anaphylaxis Registry

Cichocka‐Jarosz

Dölle‐Bierke

Jedynak-Wąsowicz

et al. 2023

Clinical & Translational All

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Background Cow's milk (CM) and hen's egg (HE) are leading triggers of anaphylaxis in early childhood. The aim of this study was to identify clinical phenotypes and therapeutic measures for CM anaphylaxis (CMA) compared to HE anaphylaxis (HEA) in children up to 12 years of age, based on a large pan‐European dataset from the European Anaphylaxis Registry. Methods Data from 2007 to 2020 on clinical phenotypes and treatment from 10 European countries, as well as Brazil, were analysed. The two‐step cluster analysis was used to identify the most frequent phenotypes. For each trigger, three clusters were extracted based on sex, age, and existence of symptoms in four vitally important systems. Results Altogether 284 children with CMA and 200 children with HEA were identified. They were characterised as male (69% vs. 64%), infants (65% vs. 61%), with a most frequent grade III of Ring&Messmer classification (62% vs. 64%), in CMA versus HEA, respectively. Respiratory symptoms occurred more often in CMA (91% vs. 83%, p = 0.010), especially in infants (89% vs. 79%, p = 0.008). Cardiovascular symptoms were less frequent in CMA (30% vs. 44%, p = 0.002), in both infants (33% vs. 46%, p = 0.027), and older children (25% vs. 42%, p = 0.021). The clusters extracted in the CMA group were characterised as: (1) mild dermal infants with severe GI (40%), 2. severe dermal (35%), 3. respiratory (25%). While in HEA group: 1. infants with severe GI and/or reduction of alertness (40%), (2) conjunctival (16%), (3) mild GI without conjunctivitis (44%). The severity of the reaction was independent from the amount of ingested allergen protein, regardless of trigger. The first‐line adrenaline application differed between the countries (0%–92%, as well as the reasons for not administering adrenaline, p < 0.001). Conclusions Despite the similarity of their age, sex, and severity grade, the clinical profiles differed between the CMA and HEA children. Adrenaline was underused, and its administration was country dependent. Further studies are needed to assess to what extent the differences in the clinical profiles are related to matrix and/or absorption effects, and/or the allergen itself.

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“…An adverse immune response to food antigens is known as food allergy. The prevalence of food allergy is believed to be at an all-time high, although describing the increasing rates in exact numbers proves a challenge ( 36 – 39 ). Nevertheless, allergies pose a great challenge to the afflicted individual and their next of kin ( 40 ), and in the absence of a cure ( 41 , 42 ) further mechanistic insight is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast milk microRNAs: Potential players in oral tolerance development

et al. 2023

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Breast milk is an essential source of nutrition and hydration for the infant. In addition, this highly complex biological fluid contains numerous immunologically active factors such as microorganisms, immunoglobulins, cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we set out to predict the function of the top 10 expressed miRNAs in human breast milk, focusing on their relevance in oral tolerance development and allergy prevention in the infant. The top expressed miRNAs in human breast milk were identified on basis of previous peer-reviewed studies gathered from a recent systematic review and an updated literature search. The miRNAs with the highest expression levels in each study were used to identify the 10 most common miRNAs or miRNA families across studies and these were selected for subsequent target prediction. The predictions were performed using TargetScan in combination with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The ten top expressed miRNAs were: let-7-5p family, miR-148a-3p, miR-30-5p family, miR-200a-3p + miR-141-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-181-5p family, miR-146b-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-29-3p family, miR-200b/c-3p and miR-429-3p. The target prediction identified 3,588 potential target genes and 127 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways; several connected to the immune system, including TGF-b and T cell receptor signaling and T-helper cell differentiation. This review highlights the role of breast milk miRNAs and their potential contribution to infant immune maturation. Indeed, breast milk miRNAs seem to be involved in several pathways that influence oral tolerance development.

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Frequency of food allergy in Europe: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 122 publications

References 138 publications

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

Cow's milk and hen's egg anaphylaxis: A comprehensive data analysis from the European Anaphylaxis Registry

Breast milk microRNAs: Potential players in oral tolerance development

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