Frequency of galvanic pair detection of metal structures in the mouth in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa

Abstract

ABSTRAKT Relevance. Currently, a large number of metal structures are used in dentistry: implants, inlays, pins, dentures, etc. These structures are often made of various metals and metal alloys with different electrochemical potentials. This circumstance can lead to the appearance of a galvanic couple in the mouth, i.e. galvanic cell, consisting of metal structures. In the available literature, there are no data on the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and diseases of the oral mucosa. Target. The study of the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted for the presence of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, 133 patients aged 33 to 87 years. In all patients, galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa were absent. Depending on age, the patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of 33 young patients from 33 to 44 years old, the second - 35 middle-aged patients from 45 to 59 years old, the third - 35 elderly patients from 60 to 74 years old, the fourth - 30 elderly patients from 75 to 87 years old. The determination of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth was carried out according to the method developed at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the E. V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov (Sechenov University). An electrode made of 999 gold was used as an active indicator electrode, which was used to touch metal structures in the mouth during the study. An EHP-1 silver chloride electrode was used as a passive reference electrode. A Fluke 115 multimeter was used as a measuring device during the study. Results. In the first group, which consisted of young people, galvanic pairs were found in 18% of the examined, while the number of metal structures in this group was 5.2 + 2.1. In the second group, in middle-aged persons, along with a tendency to increase the number of metal structures in the mouth, up to 7.4 + 3.5, the number of persons in whom galvanic vapors were found in the mouth increased, up to 23%. In the third group, in the elderly, galvanic vapors in the mouth were detected in the maximum number of examined, compared with other groups, which amounted to 26%. In this group, the maximum number of metal structures in the mouth was also observed in comparison with other groups of the examined. In this group, this indicator was 7.9 + 4.1. In elderly people (group 4), the number of patients with galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth decreased to 20%. This was due to the trend towards a decrease in the number of fixed metal structures, due to an increase in the number of removable dentures. The indicator of the presence of metal structures in the oral cavity in this group was 5.9 + 1.8. Conclusion. The frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth is associated not so much with the age of the examined persons, but to a greater extent with the number of metal structures in the mouth. With an increase in the number of metal structures, the probability of the appearance of a galvanic pair in the mouth, formed by metal structures with different electrochemical potentials, increases. Key words: electrochemical potential, metal constructions, galvanic couples, galvanic cell.