Frequency of hlyA, hlyB, hlyC and hlyD genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from UTI patients in Shiraz

Moeinizadeh, Heliyaneh; Shaheli, Marjan

doi:10.3205/dgkh000396

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The genes hlyA and hlyD were found in only 50% and 43% of the isolates, respectively. 6 This contrasts with our study, where hlyB was observed in 37% of the isolates, while hlyD was observed in none of the isolates. Overall, these studies indicate that there is significant variability in the frequency of virulence genes among E. coli isolates from various sources.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Variability in Virulence Gene Prevalence Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates: Implications for Understanding UTI Pathogenesis

Behshad,

Rashki,

Hadadi

et al. 2023

Int J Basic Sci Med

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<strong data-sider-select-id="80716161-719c-41bb-991b-7e7ff63fa34c">Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), imposing a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Understanding the distribution of virulence genes among UPEC isolates is crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis of UTIs and developing therapeutic strategies. <strong data-sider-select-id="f8080be0-0e6c-4bf5-b018-4fe2ad5fe91a">Methods: In this study, a total of 100 UPEC isolates previously collected from UTI patients were analyzed. The prevalence of various virulence genes associated with iron acquisition, including siderophore receptors (ireA), hemolysin toxins (hylB, hylC, and hylD), and iron uptake systems (feoB, fepC, and fyuA), as well as putative iron transport genes (modD, prrA, and yc73), was assessed using the Multiplex PCR method. <strong data-sider-select-id="4086c189-6e76-4275-b77c-8c5f33e74bbd">Results: The results revealed notable variability in gene prevalence, with fyuA being the most frequently detected gene 63 (63%). However, hlyD was absent in all isolates. Other genes such as feoB, fepC, hlyB, hlyC, ireA, modD, prrA, and yc73 exhibited frequencies ranging from 9 (9%) to 53 (53%). Notably, 76 of the isolates harboured multiple virulence genes associated with iron acquisition, suggesting their potential for enhanced pathogenicity and adaptation to the host environment. <strong data-sider-select-id="121bd187-b6aa-4d42-8e22-36b0316293bf">Conclusion: The diverse prevalence of virulence genes underscores the dynamic nature of UPEC strains and their ability to adapt to host environments. Comprehending these patterns of gene prevalence offers invaluable insights into UTI pathogenesis, emphasizing the necessity for personalized therapeutic interventions. There is a pressing need for additional research elucidating the functional significance of these genes in UTI pathogenesis, aiming to formulate more efficient strategies to combat UPEC-induced UTIs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Variability in Virulence Gene Prevalence Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates: Implications for Understanding UTI Pathogenesis

Behshad,

Rashki,

Hadadi

et al. 2023

Int J Basic Sci Med

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“… Derington et al (2020) tested fosfomycin as a therapeutic option for treating complicated urinary tract infections, leading to the resolution of the evaluated conditions. Based on these results, they, and other authors report that fosfomycin is an essential human therapeutic option ( Wachino et al, 2010 ; Neuner et al, 2012 ; Jean et al, 2016 ; Cao et al, 2017 ; Abbott et al, 2020 ; Loras et al, 2020 ; Seok et al, 2020 ), against urinary infections for example, the second most important bacterial infection affecting humans ( Moeinizadeh and Shaheli, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…After incubation in buffered peptone water, at 37 ° C for 18–24 h, the other samples were seeded on MacConkey agar without supplementation (MC) and supplemented with the antimicrobials, ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefotaxime (CTX), and ciprofloxacin + cefotaxime (CIP/CTX), at a final concentration of 8 μg/ml. The lactose-fermenting colonies were subjected to identification by biochemical screening using triple-sugar iron agar, indole production, Simmons citrate, urease production, lysine decarboxylation, and sorbitol and cellobiose fermentation tests (Merck, Darmstadt, Alemanha; Awogbemi et al, 2018 ; Moeinizadeh and Shaheli, 2021 ; Thomrongsuwannakij et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frequency Detection of fosA3 and blaCTX–M–55 Genes in Escherichia coli From Longitudinal Monitoring in Broiler Chicken Farms

et al. 2022

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Considering the worrying emergence of multidrug resistance, including in animal husbandry and especially in food-producing animals, the need to detect antimicrobial resistance strains in poultry environments is relevant, mainly considering a One Health approach. Thus, this study aimed to conduct longitudinal monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicken farms, with an emphasis on evaluating the frequency of resistance to fosfomycin and β-lactams. Escherichia coli was isolated from broiler chicken farms (cloacal swabs, meconium, poultry feed, water, poultry litter, and Alphitobius diaperinus) in northern Paraná from 2019 to 2020 during three periods: the first period (1st days of life), the second period (20th to 25th days of life), and third period (40th to 42nd days of life). Antibiogram tests and the detection of phenotypic extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) were performed, and they were confirmed by seaching for genes from the blaCTX–M group. The other resistance genes searched were mcr-1 and fosA3. Some ESBL blaCTX–M–1 group strains were selected for ESBL identification by sequencing and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction analysis. To determine the transferability of the blaCTX–M–1– and fosA3-carrying plasmids, strains were subjected to conjugation experiments. A total of 507 E. coli were analyzed: 360 from cloacal swabs, 24 from meconium samples, 3 from poultry feed samples, 18 from water samples, 69 from poultry litter samples, and 33 from A. diaperinus samples. Among the strain isolate, 80% (406/507) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 51% (260/507) were ESBL-positive, with the blaCTX–M–1 group being the most frequent. For the fosA3 gene, 68% (344/507) of the strains isolated were positive, deserves to be highlighted E. coli isolated from day-old chickens (OR 6.34, CI 2.34–17.17), when compared with strains isolated from other origins (poultry litter, A. diaperinus, water, and poultry feed). This work alerts us to the high frequency of the fosA3 gene correlated with the CTX-M-1 group (OR 3.57, CI 95% 2.7–4.72, p < 0.05), especially the blaCTX–M–55 gene, in broiler chickens. This profile was observed mainly in day-old chicken, with a high percentage of E. coli that were MDR. The findings emphasize the importance of conducting longitudinal monitoring to detect the primary risk points during poultry production.

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“…Several pathways including biofilm formation [11,12], ABC transporters [13], bacterial secretion system [14] and two-component system [15,16] need special attention because they are associated either with drug resistance or with the bacterial virulence. In addition, the genes virB6, dcm and hlyD also need special attention because virB 6 is associated with sporty pili and type IV secretion system (virulence factors) of Agrobacterium [17], dcm is a DNA cytosine methylase gene that may affect the virulence and drug resistance of bacteria [18], and hlyD participates in secretion of haemolysin (a virulence factor) in Escherichia coli [19,20]. The comparison between GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment shows that the ion binding function and the ABC transporter pathway share the same gene group_2016, and therefore the ten genes associated with the ion binding function should be the candidate genes for future analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas muris- First discovered as an urgent human pathogen with strong virulence associated with bloodstream infections

Liu,

Dong,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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For the first time, Stenotrophomonas muris (S. muris) has been identified to be a likely human pathogen while studying the virulence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) clinical isolates. Previously, S. muris was only isolated from the intestines of mice but its pathogenic potential for humans has never been reported. In this work, the phenotype of S. muris virulence, the potential genes that encode higher virulence of S. muris, and host responses to S. muris infection were investigated for the first time. It was found by SYTOX Green staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and Galleria mellonella survival assay and a mouse model of infection that S9 (S. muris no.9, isolated from the patient's bloodstream infection) was more virulent than both S8 (S. muris no.8, isolated from the patient's sputum) and S1 (S. maltophilia type strain ATCC13637), where S8 and S9 were subsequently identified as S. muris by whole genome sequencing analysis. Based on the GO and KEGG databases, part of the candidate genes which possibly encode higher virulence of S9 were identified, including virB6, dcm, hlyD, group_374, group_3203, group_3063, group_832, group_962, group_2016, group_2745, group_3011, group_849, group_1035 and group_1019. Transcriptome analysis of host cells (THP-1 cells) infected by S8 and S9 was performed to investigate the host responses to S. muris infections. It was found that the differentially expressed genes of the infected host cells (group S9 with strong virulence vs group S8 with weak virulence) showed that 12 candidate genes involved in ion transport function and calcium signaling pathway are down-regulated and needed special attention. Susceptibility testing indicates that the treatment regimen of S. muris infections needs to be different from that of S. maltophilia, further demonstrating the necessity of distinguishing these two pathogens. It is also shown that minocycline could be effective for treatment of infections of S. muris. This work highlights the need to pay more attention to S. muris in clinical setting which could be a human pathogen of high risk, as well as provides the basis for subsequent study on the virulence genes and pathogenic mechanisms of S. muris.

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Frequency of hlyA, hlyB, hlyC and hlyD genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from UTI patients in Shiraz

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Variability in Virulence Gene Prevalence Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates: Implications for Understanding UTI Pathogenesis

Variability in Virulence Gene Prevalence Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates: Implications for Understanding UTI Pathogenesis

High-Frequency Detection of fosA3 and blaCTX–M–55 Genes in Escherichia coli From Longitudinal Monitoring in Broiler Chicken Farms

Stenotrophomonas muris- First discovered as an urgent human pathogen with strong virulence associated with bloodstream infections

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