Frequency of Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia

Whang, Robert; Ryder, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440220087036

Cited by 183 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hypomagnesemia is usually defined as serum magnesium,0.7 mmol/L, 1.4 mEq/L, or 1.7 mg/dl. Biochemical hypomagnesemia is common, with a prevalence of up to 15% in the general population and up to 65% in patients in the intensive care units (60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109). The causes of hypomagnesemia are listed in Table 3.…”

Section: Clinical Consequences Of Alterations In Magnesium Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Control of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Homeostasis

Blaine

Chonchol

Levi

2015

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

629

536

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Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are multivalent cations that are important for many biologic and cellular functions. The kidneys play a central role in the homeostasis of these ions. Gastrointestinal absorption is balanced by renal excretion. When body stores of these ions decline significantly, gastrointestinal absorption, bone resorption, and renal tubular reabsorption increase to normalize their levels. Renal regulation of these ions occurs through glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption and/or secretion and is therefore an important determinant of plasma ion concentration. Under physiologic conditions, the whole body balance of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium is maintained by fine adjustments of urinary excretion to equal the net intake. This review discusses how calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are handled by the kidneys.

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Section: Clinical Consequences Of Alterations In Magnesium Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Control of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Homeostasis

Blaine

Chonchol

Levi

2015

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

629

536

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“…Despite the availability of many magnesium-rich foods, magnesium deficiency (i.e., hypomagnesemia, which is defined as a serum magnesium concentration < 0.74 mmol/L) is relatively common, with an estimated prevalence of 2.5–15% in the general population [5, 6]. The primary cause of hypomagnesemia is often insufficient dietary intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Fang

Wang

Han

et al. 2016

BMC Med

192

129

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BackgroundAlthough studies have examined the association between dietary magnesium intake and health outcome, the results are inconclusive. Here, we conducted a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies in order to investigate the correlation between magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and all-cause mortality.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for articles that contained risk estimates for the outcomes of interest and were published through May 31, 2016. The pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model.ResultsForty prospective cohort studies totaling more than 1 million participants were included in the analysis. During the follow-up periods (ranging from 4 to 30 years), 7678 cases of CVD, 6845 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD), 701 cases of heart failure, 14,755 cases of stroke, 26,299 cases of T2D, and 10,983 deaths were reported. No significant association was observed between increasing dietary magnesium intake (per 100 mg/day increment) and the risk of total CVD (RR: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88–1.10) or CHD (RR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–1.01). However, the same incremental increase in magnesium intake was associated with a 22% reduction in the risk of heart failure (RR: 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69–0.89) and a 7% reduction in the risk of stroke (RR: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89–0.97). Moreover, the summary relative risks of T2D and mortality per 100 mg/day increment in magnesium intake were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77–0.86) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81–0.99), respectively.ConclusionsIncreasing dietary magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of stroke, heart failure, diabetes, and all-cause mortality, but not CHD or total CVD. These findings support the notion that increasing dietary magnesium might provide health benefits.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0742-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Patients with CHF often present with disturbed magnesium (Mg) homeostasis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Concurrent changes in neurohumoral control mechanisms such as the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system, dietary factors, medication effects including diuretics, digitalis, and renal function make prediction of Mg status imprecise [4][5][6][7][8][9]13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrent changes in neurohumoral control mechanisms such as the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system, dietary factors, medication effects including diuretics, digitalis, and renal function make prediction of Mg status imprecise [4][5][6][7][8][9]13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Since Mg deficiency is known to contribute to hypokalemia [4][5][6][7]21] well as cardiac arrhythmias [4,5,[8][9][10][11][12]21], and sudden death [5,11,12]; clinical questions regarding Mg status frequently arise. The most common clinical tool for detecting Mg status is the serum or plasma Mg level despite its recognized inaccuracies and poor correlation with tissue Mg levels [13,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure.

Costello

Moser-Veillon

DiBianco

1997

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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Supplementation with 10.4 mmol oral magnesium daily for 3 months did not significantly alter blood levels or magnesium retention; however, patients demonstrated lower retention of magnesium after supplementation. Differences in magnesium retention was not related to basal magnesium intake, blood levels or excretion. Unfortunately, even an intensive effort at characterizing magnesium status did not identify a clinical indicator of utility for differentiating patients with congestive heart failure before, during, and after 3 months of magnesium supplementation.

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Frequency of Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia

Cited by 183 publications

References 10 publications

Renal Control of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Homeostasis

Renal Control of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Homeostasis

Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Magnesium supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure.

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