Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Cunha, Mirella Alves; Celeste, Beatriz Julieta; Kesper, Norival; Fugimori, M; LAGO, MARIANNA MARTINS; Ibanês, Aline Santos; OUKI, LILIAN MITIKO; Neto, Eudes Alves Simões; Fonseca, Fernanda Fernandes; Silva, M A L; Júnior, Walter Lins Barbosa; Lindoso, José Ângelo Lauletta

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05622-2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These samples came from patients born in the state of São Paulo, which for decades has presented several municipalities and endemic regions with both CD and leishmaniasis. Cunha et al [23] using the same samples showed positivity for Leishmania infection in these same three ELISA-positive/TESA Blot-negative samples in our cohort. So, we believe only two samples were truly positive for CD, with a prevalence of 0.83%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS from an urban area

Kesper¹,

Ignácio²,

Rocci³

et al. 2023

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS from an urban area

Kesper¹,

Ignácio²,

Rocci³

et al. 2023

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Notably, leishmaniasis is of much greater risk to IS populations, including HIV-positive individuals, SOT recipients, and patients under treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. HIV/ Leishmania co-infections more often lead to clinical VL, and with greater severity [ 117 , 120 ]. Indeed, it has previously been demonstrated that HIV-infected individuals with asymptomatic Leishmania infection may transmit the parasite to sand flies, leading to further spread of infection [ 63 , 121 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of asymptomatic Leishmania infections: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background Asymptomatic Leishmania infection may play an important role in the transmission of the parasite in endemic areas. At present there is no consensus on the definition of asymptomatic Leishmania infection, nor is there a safe and accessible gold standard test for its identification. Methods This paper presents a scoping review to summarize definitions of asymptomatic Leishmania infection found in the literature, as well as to detail the approach (molecular, serological, cellular, and/or parasitological tests) used by researchers to identify this asymptomatic population. A scoping review of published and gray literature related to asymptomatic Leishmania infection was conducted; retrieved citations were screened based on predefined eligibility criteria, and relevant data items were extracted from eligible articles. The analysis is descriptive and is presented using tables, figures, and thematic narrative synthesis. Results We conducted a screening of 3008 articles, of which 175 were selected for the full review. Of these articles, we selected 106 that met the inclusion criteria. These articles were published between 1991 and 2021, and in the last 5 years, up to 38 articles were reported. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil (26%), Spain (14%), India (12%), Bangladesh (10%), and Ethiopia (7%). Of the studies, 84.9% were conducted in the immunocompetent population, while 15.1% were conducted in the immunosuppressed population (HIV, immunosuppressive drugs, and organ transplantation population). We report 14 different techniques and 10 strategies employed by researchers to define asymptomatic Leishmania infection in an endemic area. Conclusions The definition of asymptomatic Leishmania infection is not unified across the literature, but often includes the following criteria: residence (or extended stay) in a Leishmania-endemic area, no reported signs/symptoms compatible with leishmaniasis, and positive on a combination of serological, molecular, cellular, and/or parasitological tests. Caution is recommended when comparing results of different studies on the subject of asymptomatic infections, as the reported prevalence cannot be confidently compared between areas due to the wide variety of tests employed by research groups. More research on the importance of asymptomatic immunosuppressed and immunocompetent Leishmania-positive populations in leishmaniasis epidemiology is required. Graphical Abstract

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“…Moreover, other studies have described the high prevalence of Leishmania spp. infections in immunosuppressed people 8 , 9 , including HIV/CL 10 and HIV/DCL 11 coinfections in Maranhao State.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Silva

Cruz

Coutinho

et al. 2021

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Lutzomyia longipalpis is the natural vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, but it is also permissive for several Leishmania species that are related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Maranhao State (Northeast of Brazil) is endemic for CL and has the highest number of cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) in the country. It is a rare disease associated with a defective immune response mainly caused by L. (L.) amazonensis. Additionally, the number of immunosuppressed patients infected with the etiologic agents of CL has increased, including regions in which the main vectors of CL are rare. Therefore, we investigated whether Lu. longipalpis is able to transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to uninfected and immunosuppressed mice, resulting in CL. For that, 291 sand flies took an initial blood meal in mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Of these, 17 underwent a second feeding on uninfected and immunosuppressed mice (of which 58.8% were also positive for Leishmania according to data on the dissection of the intestine). After 27 days of infection, these mice exhibited leishmaniotic lesions. The occurrence of parasites on the animal's skin was confirmed by limiting dilution and immunohistopathological analyses. Parasite DNA was also detected in paw lesions and inguinal lymph nodes. DNA sequencing confirmed the Leishmania species in insects and mice. The results confirmed the ability of Lu. longipalpis to become infected and experimentally transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to immunosuppressed rodents, resulting in leishmaniotic lesions. Our data open perspectives for the potential role of Lu. longipalpis in the epidemiology of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients.

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Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS from an urban area

Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS from an urban area

Identification of asymptomatic Leishmania infections: a scoping review

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis

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