Frequency of Measles Virus-Specific CD4⁺and CD8⁺T Cells in Subjects Seronegative or Highly Seropositive for Measles Vaccine

Abstract

The protective effect of measles immunization is due to humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4؉ and CD8؉ T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. Our study characterizes cellular immune response in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine immunoglobulin G-specific antibody, aged 15 to 25 years, previously immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella II vaccine. We evaluated the ability of subjects to respond to measles vaccine virus by measuring measles virus-specific T-cell proliferation. We examined the frequencies of measles virus-specific memory Th1 and Th2 cells by an ELISPOT assay. Our results demonstrated that proliferation of T cells in seronegative subjects was significantly lower than that for highly seropositive subjects (P ‫؍‬ 0. 003). Gamma interferon (IFN-␥) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8؉ T cells secreting IFN-␥ was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P ‫؍‬ 0.04). The median frequency of CD4 ؉ T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P ‫؍‬ 0.005). These data confirm the presence of measles virus-specific cellular immune responses post-measles vaccine immunization in humans. The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-␥ and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. These differences agree in directionality with the observed antibody response phenotype.

Immune Response to the Mumps Virus in Iranian Unvaccinated Young Adults

“…However, proliferation of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T lymphocytes was detected in some individuals with non-immune mumps IgG levels. Similar finding are available in the report by Ovsyannikova et al which describes that cases lacking protective levels of IgG showed in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes in response to measles virus (26). We observed proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells in seronegative subjects; however, it was lower in seropositive subjects.…”

“…Mumps antigen preparation: Mumps antigen was prepared using an Iranian mumps virus strain, RS-12 (25) that has been described elsewhere (26). Briefly, Vero cell monolayers infected with mumps virus at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 were incubated at 379 C. Vero-infected cells were harvested at maximum cytopathic effect (70z) after 2 freeze-thaw periods.…”

Human Leukocyte Antigen Haplotypes in the Genetic Control of Immune Response to Measles‐Mumps‐Rubella Vaccine

“…The cellular immune status to MMR viruses was assessed using an in vitro [ 3 H]-thymidineincorporation assay, as described elsewhere [21,22]. Individual virus vaccine-specific T cell responses were measured by proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes ( cells/well) in- 5 2 ϫ 10 cubated in the presence of live attenuated measles, mumps, or rubella virus (75 pfu/well of each vaccine virus).…”

Immune reconstitution and vaccination outcome in HIV-1 infected children

“…53,104,105 Being a live attenuated vaccine, MMR is able to induce both Th2 and Th1/ Tc cell-mediated immune responses. However, despite formation of measles specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells has been shown to be important for reaching immune-protection upon vaccination, 106 this is not very often evaluated in the clinic. Therefore, there are no available data on cell-mediated immunity to MMR for HIV-1 infected children under HAART.…”