Frequency of MRSA in diabetic foot infections

Akhi, Mohammad Taghi; Ghotaslou, Reza; Memar, Mohammad Yousef; Asgharzadeh, Mohammad; Varshochi, Mojtaba; Pirzadeh, Tahereh; Alizadeh, Naser

doi:10.1007/s13410-016-0492-7

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the current study, the susceptibility of S. aureus to rifampicin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol was 87.5%, 83.3%, and 70.8%, respectively, meaning that these antibiotics are effective in vitro against S. aureus isolates, as observed by previous studies. 26,31,32 Consistently with other studies, we noticed that more than half of the isolated S. aureus were found to be resistant to tetracycline. 31 We also noticed that all isolated S. aureus were resistant to penicillin; however, penicillin-sensitive S. aureus was infrequently reported.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…13 In this study, antibiotic susceptibility was investigated for all the isolated S. aureus using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method; all S. aureus strains were susceptible to vancomycin, which is in agreement with previous studies. 26,29,[31][32][33] Undeniably, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strain was rarely reported. 34 Thus, the antibiotic vancomycin was found to be highly effective against Gram-positive organisms, and it still remains the drug of choice for serious infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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<p>Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Phenotypic Detection of MRSA Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection</p>

Anwar¹,

Hussein²,

Salih³

2020

IJGM

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Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a common and costly complication of diabetes that may be caused by various bacteria with multi-resistant genes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of phenotypic methods for identification of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with genotypic detection of MRSA-related genes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, swab samples were collected from patients with DFI from hospitals in Sulaimani/Iraq in April-July 2019. All the samples were processed for microbiological assessment and further MRSA phenotypic and genotypic testing. Results: A total of 46 swab samples were collected from diabetic foot ulcers of 29 males and 17 females. Most samples (93.5%) showed positive growth, with higher proportions of monomicrobial (23; 53.5%) than mixed-bacterial infections (20; 46.5%) and S. aureus as the predominant pathogen. Conventional methods of MRSA detection, such as cefoxitin disc diffusion, can predict methicillin resistance in 45.8% of the cases. Real-time/conventional PCR showed that 41.6% of Staphylococcus aureus were positive for the mecA gene, while none of the isolates was positive for PVL. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen in DFI. Although cefoxitin and oxacillin disc diffusion methods can help in the prediction of MRSA, realtime PCR is a reliable method for MRSA detection and confirmation.

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

<p>Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Phenotypic Detection of MRSA Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection</p>

Anwar¹,

Hussein²,

Salih³

2020

IJGM

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“…Most strains of S. aureus produce this toxin (Bhakdi and Tranum-Jensen 1991). This toxin makes pores in cell membranes, causing leakage of ions, cytolysis elaborated cells and tissue damage at infection sites (Vandenesch et al 2012;Akhi et al 2016). Using the SELEX method, an aptamer was developed via a nanomolar equilibrium for targeting alpha toxin in the samples.…”

Section: Alpha Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances in aptamer-assisted technologies for detecting bacterial and fungal toxins

et al. 2018

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SummaryInfectious diseases are among the common leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Associated with the emergence of new infectious diseases, the increasing number of antimicrobial-resistant isolates presents a serious threat to public health and hospitalized patients. A microbial pathogen may elicit several host responses and use a variety of mechanisms to evade host defences. These methods and mechanisms include capsule, lipopolysaccharides or cell wall components, adhesions and toxins. Toxins inhibit phagocytosis, cause septic shock and host cell damages by binding to host surface receptors and invasion. Bacterial and fungal pathogens are able to apply many different toxin-dependent mechanisms to disturb signalling pathways and the structural integrity of host cells for establishing and maintaining infections Initial techniques for analysis of bacterial toxins were based on in vivo or in vitro assessments. There is a permanent demand for appropriate detection methods which are affordable, practical, careful, rapid, sensitive, efficient and economical. Aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are selected by systematic evolution of ligands using exponential enrichment (SELEX) methods and can be applied in diagnostic applications. This review provides an overview of aptamer-based methods as a novel approach for detecting toxins in bacterial and fungal pathogens.

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“…In fact, a key problem in DFI treatment is the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, particularly Methicillin-Resistant S . aureus (MRSA) [10–11]. Among hospitalized patients, the prevalence of MRSA in DFIs can range from 15 to 30% [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic foot infections: Application of a nisin-biogel to complement the activity of conventional antibiotics and antiseptics against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

et al. 2019

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Background Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a frequent complication of Diabetes mellitus and a major cause of nontraumatic limb amputations. The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus , known for its resilient biofilms and antibiotic resistant profile, is the most frequent DFI pathogen. It is urgent to develop innovative treatments for these infections, being the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) nisin a potential candidate. We have previously proposed the use of a guar gum biogel as a delivery system for nisin. Here, we evaluated the potential of the nisin-biogel to enhance the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and antiseptics against DFIs S . aureus clinical isolates. Methods A collection of 23 S . aureus strains isolated from DFI patients, including multidrug- and methicillin-resistant strains, was used. The antimicrobial activity of the nisin-biogel was tested alone and in different combinations with the antiseptic chlorhexidine and the antibiotics clindamycin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Isolates’ in vitro susceptibility to the different protocols was assessed using broth microdilution methods in order to determine their ability to inhibit and/or eradicate established S . aureus biofilms. Antimicrobials were added to the 96-well plates every 8 h to simulate a typical DFI treatment protocol. Statistical analysis was conducted using RCBD ANOVA in SPSS. Results The nisin-biogel showed a high antibacterial activity against biofilms formed by DFI S . aureus . The combined protocol using nisin-biogel and chlorhexidine presented the highest efficacy in biofilm formation inhibition, significantly higher (p<0.05) than the ones presented by the antibiotics-based protocols tested. Regarding biofilm eradication, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the activity of the combination nisin-biogel plus chlorhexidine and the conventional antibiotic-based protocols. Conclusions Results provide a valuable contribution for the development of complementary strategies to conventional antibiotics protocols. A combined protocol including chlorhexidine and nisin-biogel could be potentially applied in medical centres, contributing for the reduction of antibiotic administration, selection pressure on DFI pathogens and resistance strains dissemination.

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Frequency of MRSA in diabetic foot infections

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

<p>Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Phenotypic Detection of MRSA Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection</p>

<p>Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Phenotypic Detection of MRSA Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection</p>

Current advances in aptamer-assisted technologies for detecting bacterial and fungal toxins

Diabetic foot infections: Application of a nisin-biogel to complement the activity of conventional antibiotics and antiseptics against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

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