Frequency of online food ordering is not risk factor of central obesity in women aged 20 - 49 years

Abstract

<p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p><strong>Latar Belakang:</strong> Obesitas adalah masalah kesehatan dunia dengan prevalensi terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Wanita secara umum lebih banyak mengalami masalah berat badan dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Perkembangan teknologi berpengaruh terhadap gaya hidup sedentari yang menyebabkan kenaikan berat badan. Wanita paling sering melakukan pemesanan makanan online dibandingkan laki-laki.</p><p><strong>Tujuan:</strong> menganalisis hubungan frekuensi pemesanan online food dengan obesitas sentral pada wanita usia 20 -49 tahun.</p><p><strong>Metode:</strong> jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Populasi adalah wanita dewasa usia 20 – 49 tahun. Total 120 wanita usia 20 - 49 tahun diobservasi status gizi dan frekuensi pemesanan online food. Lingkar perut digunakan untuk menentukan status obesitas sentral dari wanita. Wanita dikategorikan obes jika dia mempunyai lingkar perut >80 centimeter dan tidak obes jika lingkar perut ≤80 centimeter. Variabel paparan utama adalah frekuensi pemesanan online food yang dikategorikan menjadi ≥ 3 kali dan < 3 kali dalam seminggu. Kovariat adalah karakteristik responden yang meliputi usia, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, status pernikahan, dan aktivitas fisik. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat (frekuensi dan persentase) dan analisis bivariat (chi-square).</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 70,8% responden mengalami obesitas sentral. Rata-rata lingkar perut responden adalah 85,0 centimeter. Sebagian besar responden (60,8%) pernah melakukan pemesanan online food. Makanan yang paling banyak dipesan responden antara lain ayam goreng, nasi goreng, martabak / roti panggang, dan pizza. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik responden tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian obesitas sentral. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara frekuensi pemesanan online food dengan kejadian obesitas sentral pada wanita dewasa usia 20 - 49 tahun (p=0,325).</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> frekuensi pemesanan online food ≥ 3 kali seminggu bukan faktor risiko obesitas sentral pada wanita dewasa.</p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI:</strong> aplikasi smartphone; obesitas sentral; online food; wanita</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is a global health problem with prevalence increasing from year to year. Women, in general, have more weight problems than men. Technological developments affect sedentary lifestyles that cause weight gain. Women are more often ordering food online than men.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the relationship between the frequency of online food ordering with central obesity in women aged 20 - 49 years.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The population was women aged 20 - 49 years. A total of 120 women aged 20-49 years were observed for their nutritional status and frequency of online food ordering. Waist circumference was used to determine the status of central obesity in women. The woman was categorized as obese if she has waist circumference > 80-centimeters and not obese if waist circumference ≤ 80 centimeters. The main exposure was the frequency of online food ordering that was categorized into ≥ 3 times and < 3 times a week. Age, education level, employment status, marital status, and physical activity were analyzed using univariate analysis. The bivariate analysis was also conducted to analyze relations between variables.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Results showed that 70.8% of respondents have central obesity. Respondent’s average waist circumference was 85.0 centimeters. Most of the respondents (60.8%) have ordered food online. Respondents’ top-ordered foods include fried chicken, fried rice, martabak (fried crepe filled with egg, and vegetable) and pizza. Bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between characteristics of respondents with central obesity. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of online food ordering with central obesity in women aged 20 - 49 years (p = 0.325).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> online food ordering frequency 3 times a week is not a risk factor for central obesity in women aged 20 - 49 years.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> central obesity; online food; smartphone applications; women</p>

Association Abdominal Obesity with Dietary Habits and demographic Variables among Students at Southern Technical University

“…These findings corroborated those of a study done at Taif University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Hamam et al, 2017) [24], which concluded there is no meaningful correlation between socio-demographic factors and WC (P value >0.05). Also, these results agreed with the study findings [25] revealing that there was no significant association between the socio-demographic characteristics and abdominal obesity (P. value >0.05).…”

“…According to the IRAS Family Study (Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study), studies in people who exercised compared to those who exercised infrequently or not at all discovered that there was a drop in adipose, visceral, and subcutaneous tissues. As for the number of meals in our research, the current study reveals that increasing the frequency of meals (>3 times) increases central obesity, these results agreed with the study findings done by [25]. This may be explained according to Malik et al, (2013) [29], who indicated that when a person's caloric intake exceeds their energy expenditure, weight gain results from a positive energy balance.…”

Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji dan Frekuensi Pemesanan Makanan Online dengan Obesitas Sentral pada Siswa SMA di Yogyakarta

“…The bivariate and multivariate analysis results showed no significant association between the frequency of online food ordering and central obesity. The findings of this study support the results of a study conducted on a sample of women aged 20-49 years in Sleman Regency 36 . This study did not examine what types of food the sample ordered, so the energy content of the food ordered could not be known.…”

Hubungan Penggunaan Aplikasi Pesan Antar Makanan Terhadap Risiko Obesitas Pada Mahasiswa Di Derah Jabodetabek

“…Factors that can increase the risk of obesity include genetics, diet, drugs, hormonal, and physical activity 35 . The results of a similar study stated that the frequency of ordering through food delivery applications ≥ 3 times a week was not a risk factor for central obesity 29 . The results of research conducted on Siliwangi University students stated that energy and protein intake, as well as physical activity, are risk factors for obesity 36 .…”

“…Students who tend to choose fast food as the chosen food have various reasons such as being lazy to wait a long time, easier to get, cheaper, considered tastier, and carried away by the influence of friends 28 . Research conducted in 2022 also shows that fried chicken is the most frequently ordered food through food delivery applications 29 . The relationship between strong influence from friends can be related to the frequency of fast food consumption 30 .…”