Frequency of pathogen occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility among community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the respiratory surveillance program study: microbiology from the medical office practice environment

Pfaller, Michael A.; Ehrhardt, Anton F.; Jones, Ronald N.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01025-7

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our data show that sialylated LOS contributes to the persistence of NTHi in the middle ear and in the lung. Because NTHi is a major cause of both respiratory infections (42,51) and otitis media (25), these data raise important questions regarding how NTHi infections might eventually be prevented or treated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most H. influenzae isolates from patients with asymptomatic carriage and localized infections are nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) strains lacking capsular polysaccharides (35). NTHi causes opportunistic infections such as otitis media (25), sinusitis (23), and bronchial infections associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (34,42) and viral infections (2,21). Bacterial factors important for the persistence of H. influenzae in vivo include pili and other protein adhesins, as well as lipooligosaccharides (LOS) (56).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sialylation of Lipooligosaccharides Promotes Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

et al. 2004

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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of opportunistic respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and bronchitis. The persistence of NTHi in vivo is thought to involve bacterial persistence in a biofilm community. Therefore, there is a need for further definition of bacterial factors contributing to biofilm formation by NTHi. Like other bacteria inhabiting host mucosal surfaces, NTHi has on its surface a diverse array of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) that influence host-bacterial interactions. In this study, we show that LOS containing sialic (N-acetyl-neuraminic) acid promotes biofilm formation by NTHi in vitro and bacterial persistence within the middle ear or lung in vivo. LOS from NTHi in biofilms was sialylated, as determined by comparison of electrophoretic mobilities and immunochemical reactivities before and after neuraminidase treatment. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced in media lacking sialic acid, and a siaB (CMP-sialic acid synthetase) mutant was deficient in biofilm formation in three different in vitro model systems. The persistence of an asialylated siaB mutant was attenuated in a gerbil middle ear infection model system, as well as in a rat pulmonary challenge model system. These data show that sialylated LOS glycoforms promote biofilm formation by NTHi and persistence in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sialylation of Lipooligosaccharides Promotes Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

et al. 2004

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“…These pathogens show increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics (macrolideresistance rates are more than 30% for S. pneumoniae, and β-lactam resistance rates are above 30% and 90% for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, respectively). 7 Telithromycin has shown good activity, regardless of the macrolide or β-lactam susceptibility of these pathogens, 8 -11 particularly against atypical/intracellular pathogens including Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila, 12 -15 which are increasingly implicated in LRTIs. Telithromycin has also been found to be more potent in vitro than clarithromycin or azithromycin against strains of S. pneumoniae with intermediate or full resistance to penicillin G or erythromycin A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Telithromycin 800 mg Once Daily for 5 Days versus Cefuroxime Axetil 500 mg Twice Daily for 10 Days in Adults with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis

Zervos

Heyder

Leroy³

2003

J Int Med Res

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The efficacy and safety of a 5-day regimen of 800 mg telithromycin once daily was compared with a standard 10-day regimen of 500 mg cefuroxime axetil twice daily in a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 376 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). In clinically evaluable patients (n = 282), post-therapy clinical cure rates were 86.4% with telithromycin and 83.1% with cefuroxime axetil. In bacteriologically evaluable patients (n = 53), eradication or presumed eradication of the pathogen was achieved in 76.0% and 78.6% of telithromycin and cefuroxime axetil patients, respectively. Adverse events were mostly mild; the most common were diarrhoea (12.8% versus 11.8%) and nausea (8.9% versus 3.2%) in telithromycin and cefuroxime axetil patients, respectively. The 5-day regimen of 800 mg telithromycin once daily was similar in efficacy and equally well tolerated as a 10-day regimen of 500 mg cefuroxime axetil twice daily in adults with AECB.

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“…To help prevent respiratory disease, which between 1989 and 2002 ranked second in the number of days for which inpatients received hospital care in the United States, vaccination programs, along with surveillance and rapid identification strategies, are critical (25,32,35,39,42). When new, potentially lethal pathogens are identified, one of the first lines of action is to begin surveillance testing (11,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Multiplexed PCR Assay for Detection of Respiratory Viral Pathogens in a Public Health Laboratory Setting

Marshall¹,

Reisdorf²,

Harms³

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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There are numerous viral and bacterial causes of respiratory disease. To enable rapid and sensitive detection of even the most prevalent causes, there is a need for more-simplified testing systems that enable researchers and clinicians to perform multiplexed molecular diagnostics quickly and easily. To this end, a new multiplexed molecular test called the MultiCode-PLx respiratory virus panel (PLx-RVP) was developed and then implemented in a public health laboratory setting. A total of 687 respiratory samples were analyzed for the presence of 17 viruses that commonly cause respiratory disease. As a comparator, the samples were also tested using a standard testing algorithm that included the use of a real-time influenza virus A and B reverse transcription-PCR test and routine viral culture identification. The standard testing algorithm identified 503 (73%) samples as positive and 184 as negative. Analyzing the same 687 samples, the PLx-RVP assay detected one or more targets in 528 (77%) samples and found 159 samples negative for all targets. There were 25 discordant results between the two systems; 14 samples were positive for viruses not routinely tested for by the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, and 13 of these were confirmed by real-time PCR. When the results of the standard testing algorithm were considered "true positives," the PLx-RVP assay showed an overall sensitivity of 99% and an overall specificity of 87%. In total, the PLx-RVP assay detected an additional 40 viral infections, of which 11 were mixed infections.

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Frequency of pathogen occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility among community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the respiratory surveillance program study: microbiology from the medical office practice environment

Cited by 70 publications

References 12 publications

Sialylation of Lipooligosaccharides Promotes Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Sialylation of Lipooligosaccharides Promotes Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Oral Telithromycin 800 mg Once Daily for 5 Days versus Cefuroxime Axetil 500 mg Twice Daily for 10 Days in Adults with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis

Evaluation of a Multiplexed PCR Assay for Detection of Respiratory Viral Pathogens in a Public Health Laboratory Setting

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