Frequency of Pathological Types of Hyperthyroidism in Thyroid Scan Patients

Abstract

Background: Hyperthyroidism is a common systemic disorder where Graves’ disease is known as the leading cause of the disease. Thyroid stimulating hormone, T4 and T3 antibody assay are usually performed for the diagnosis of the pathology. However, with uncertainty in the results and in order to estimate the magnitude and the exact cause of the disease, radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test is recommended. The aim of this study is to evaluate underlying pathology in the patients presenting hyperthyroidism using RAIU test results. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted on the patients with hyperthyroidism referred to Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad. Data regarding the biochemical analysis and RAIU test was collected from the records and a questionnaire based on demographic and clinical information was completed for each patient. Results: Of 137 patients presenting hyperthyroidism, 62.04% were presented with Graves’ disease, 24.08% with toxic multinodular goiter and 13.86% with toxic adenoma. 24-hour RAIU test showed that the percent of radioiodine uptake was most in toxic adenoma 67.7%, Graves’ disease 53.5% and multinodular goiter 39%, respectively. From the age-based analysis, we found that Graves’ was most common in 20-30 years old individuals 34%, multinodular goiter in 50+ aged individuals 36.3% and toxic adenoma was most prevalent in 30-40 and 50+ aged patients, 26.3% each. In our population of interest, 81.8% toxic multinodular goiter patients were females. Conclusions: Our study presents the outcome of RAIU tests in hyperthyroidism based on the underlying pathologies. We also conclude, in light of other findings, Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in our population.

Thyrotoxicosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical presentation

“…Interestingly, as a result of low iodine intake, the proportion of toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma as a cause of thyrotoxicosis is relatively higher in developing nations when compared to the developed world [32]. Similarly, it has been reported that the clinical presentation as well as cardiovascular prognosis of toxic multinodular goiter is different from that of Graves' disease [33].…”

Evaluation of one-year incidence of vocal dysfunction and associated demographic factors in thyroidectomy patients: A descriptive analytical study

“…Alteration in voice, hypoparathyroidism and swallowing difficulties are common problem following thyroidectomy [ 2 ]. Provided that thyroidectomy is the most frequently performed endocrine surgery, these dysfunctions are reported in a large number of patients [ 3 ]. Alterations in voice after the surgery may or may not be related to the nerve injury and it incidence varies from 25 to 87% [ 4 ].…”

Hypocalcemia following total and subtotal thyroidectomy and associated factors

“…Persistent hypothyroidism after the surgery is associated with decrease in calcium levels [ 10 ]. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular and psychological dysfunction [ 11 ]. Long-term hypocalcemia is associated with cardiac arrythmias and intracranial lesions [ 12 , 13 ].…”