Frequency of Protein S Deficiency in General Japanese Population

Nomura, Tomoko; Suehisa, Etsuji; Kawasaki, Tomio; Okada, Akira

doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00337-6

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] However, such reference ranges have only been reported in small series of Asians, except in Japanese. 20,[30][31][32] As variations can be expected between populations of different ethnic backgrounds, the results published for Caucasians should not be extrapolated to the Chinese and, likewise, results from Japanese series may differ from those for Chinese people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal ranges and genetic variants of antithrombin, protein C and protein S in the general Chinese population. Results of the Chinese Hemostasis Investigation on Natural Anticoagulants Study I Group

Zhu¹,

Ding²,

Bai³

et al. 2011

Haematologica

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The online version of this article has a Supplementary Appendix. BackgroundInherited deficiency of antithrombin, protein C and protein S, three important, naturally occurring coagulation inhibitors, might play a major role in the occurrence of venous thromboembolism in Chinese. The establishment of age-and gender-related normal ranges of these inhibitors is crucial for an accurate diagnosis of these deficiencies. Design and MethodsWe designed a prospective cross-sectional study recruiting healthy adults from four universityaffiliated hospitals in China. Antithrombin, protein C and protein S were studied by measuring their activity. Gene analysis was performed when natural anticoagulant deficiency was suspected. Polymorphisms of the factor V gene were searched for among subjects who were positive for activated protein C resistance. ResultsIn 3493 healthy Chinese adults (1734 men, 1759 women; age 17-83 years), we found higher age-adjusted activities for protein C and protein S in men than in women but no sex difference for antithrombin. In women, mean protein C and protein S activities increased with age. In men, mean protein C levels increased with age up to the age of 49 but decreased after 50 years old; mean protein S levels decreased after 50 years of age. Antithrombin levels remained stable over time in women but decreased significantly after 50 years of age in men. Reference values according to age and sex allowed the identification of 15 genetic variants (protein C: 10, antithrombin: 3, protein S: 2) in subjects with protein activity below the 1 st percentile. ConclusionsThis is the largest survey ever conducted in the healthy general Chinese population. These normal ranges provide the essential basis for the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis in Chinese.Key words: antithrombin, protein C, protein S, normal ranges, genetics, Chinese. Citation: Zhu T, Ding

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal ranges and genetic variants of antithrombin, protein C and protein S in the general Chinese population. Results of the Chinese Hemostasis Investigation on Natural Anticoagulants Study I Group

Zhu¹,

Ding²,

Bai³

et al. 2011

Haematologica

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“…Criteria for reduced activity of PS, PC and AT, and number of healthy individuals having the reduced activity Prevalence of the reduced activity of protein S in the Japanese general population has been reported as 1 -2%[36,37].…”

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Protein S and protein C gene mutations in Japanese deep vein thrombosis patients

Kinoshita

Iida

Inoue

et al. 2005

Clinical Biochemistry

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113

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“…The results of studies in Western countries, however, may not apply to the Japanese because the frequencies of carriers of inherited thrombophilia in the Japanese are quite different from those in whites. For example, the frequency of PS deficiency is as high as 2.04% in the Japanese, 12 whereas the frequency of PS deficiency is less common in whites. 13 Although carriers of FVL or PT G20210A are not rare in whites, they neither has been detected in the Japanese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Clinical Course and Management of Japanese Patients Deficient in Natural Anticoagulants

Yokoyama

Kojima

Sakata

et al. 2012

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost

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Few data are available on the clinical course of Japanese patients deficient in natural anticoagulants (antithrombin (AT), protein C, and protein S). We conducted a nationwide survey to reveal the clinical course of these patients. Questionnaires were sent to 321 council members of the Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Japanese Society for Vascular Surgery, and Japanese Society of Phlebology. A total of 103 responses were obtained and data of 183 patients were collected. Of 183 patients, 142 (78%) experienced at least one episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The first VTE occurred before the age of 40 years in 71 patients (45%). Venous thromboembolism recurred in 15 (39%) patients with AT deficiency and 19 (18%) patients with other deficiencies. These findings suggest that half of the first episodes of VTE in patients deficient in natural anticoagulants occur before middle age and the risk of VTE recurrence is high in patients with AT deficiency.

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Frequency of Protein S Deficiency in General Japanese Population

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Normal ranges and genetic variants of antithrombin, protein C and protein S in the general Chinese population. Results of the Chinese Hemostasis Investigation on Natural Anticoagulants Study I Group

Normal ranges and genetic variants of antithrombin, protein C and protein S in the general Chinese population. Results of the Chinese Hemostasis Investigation on Natural Anticoagulants Study I Group

Protein S and protein C gene mutations in Japanese deep vein thrombosis patients

A Survey of the Clinical Course and Management of Japanese Patients Deficient in Natural Anticoagulants

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