Frequency of Respiratory Complications in Post COVID-19 Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of post-operative pulmonary complications after (coronary artery bypass grafting)CABG surgery and to compare the respiratory complications of post COVID and comparison group 
 Study Design: Analytical Cross- sectional study
 Study Place and Duration: Study was conducted in Adult Intensive Care Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology,Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Mar 2022.
 Methodology: 40 patients were selected, and divided into two groups using Non-Probability consecutive sampling. Group-A had history of COVID-19 infection and Group-B was a comparison group and had no history of COVID-19 infection. Patients presenting for elective On-Pump (coronary artery bypass grafting) CABG surgery and known history of COVID-19 were included in our study. Patients of age ranging 30 to 70 years irrespective of gender were included in the study. Any patient who had cardiopulmonary bypass time of more than 120 min, respiratory illness like asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), history of smoking, or requiring post-operative re-ventilation due to cardiac or neurological complication, were excluded from the study. After patients were received from Operation theatre, they were monitored for the respiratory complications and both groups were compared. 
 Results: A total of 40 patients were included in this study having mean age 57.9±7.62 years. Most of the patient population was male 31(77.5%) and only 09(22.5%) were female patients. Study population was equally divided into two groups i.e.20(50%) in comparison group and 20(50%) in post COVID-19 group. There was no significant difference in age (p=0.714), ventilation time (p=0.068), gender (p=1.000), and re-ventilation (p=0.451) of both groups. While Intensive Care Unit stay(p=<0.0001) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were found to be significant (p=0.007).

The impact of previous COVID-19 pneumonia on postoperative outcomes and complications in coronary artery bypass grafting

“…In a study conducted by Gabryel et al[ 14 ] on 444 lung cancer cases, 72 patients with a history of COVID-19 were compared with 372 patients without infection in terms of postoperative complications, and no significant differences were found. The research article methodologically closest to our study was reported by Shah et al[ 15 ] In this study, 20 patients with a history of COVID-19 infection and 20 patients without COVID-19 infection history were randomized, and pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery were compared. The study reported a higher incidence of pulmonary complications in the group with a history of COVID-19, longer intensive care unit stay, and a higher frequency of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with a medical history of COVID-19.…”