Frequency of Serological Evidence of Bordetella Infections and Mixed Infections with other Respiratory Pathogens in University Students with Cough Illnesses

La, Jackson; Jd, Cherry; Sp, Wang; Jt, Grayston

doi:10.1086/313911

Cited by 75 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…During the last two decades, a number of studies have indicated that B. pertussis infections in adolescents and adults are common (55,200,271,354,390,397,534,550,586,634,665,675,695,739,759,788,828,835). There has also been an increase in the number reported cases of pertussis in adolescents and adults in concert with these studies (112,135,199,232,309,702,710,838).…”

Section: B Pertussismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Prolonged cough illness was evaluated in 13 studies published between 1987 and 2002 (Table 7) (55,271,390,397,550,586,665,675,695,739,788,828,835). These studies, in six countries, involved subjects with cough illnesses seen between 1983 and 1999.…”

Section: B Pertussis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From several recent studies, it has become clear that infections with other Bordetella subspecies can cause IgG and IgA antibody responses to FHA and PRN and to a lesser extent FIM (149,719). Other studies suggest that there may be cross-reacting antibody responses to FHA and perhaps PRN due to M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections (390,550,788). In addition, other infectious agents such as H. influenzae may also have FHA-like antigens that can result in high titers due to cross-reactivity (788).…”

Section: B Pertussis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

2005

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Bordetella respiratory infections are common in people (B. pertussis) and in animals (B. bronchiseptica). During the last two decades, much has been learned about the virulence determinants, pathogenesis, and immunity of Bordetella. Clinically, the full spectrum of disease due to B. pertussis infection is now understood, and infections in adolescents and adults are recognized as the reservoir for cyclic outbreaks of disease. DTaP vaccines, which are less reactogenic than DTP vaccines, are now in general use in many developed countries, and it is expected that the expansion of their use to adolescents and adults will have a significant impact on reducing pertussis and perhaps decrease the circulation of B. pertussis. Future studies should seek to determine the cause of the unique cough which is associated with Bordetella respiratory infections. It is also hoped that data gathered from molecular Bordetella research will lead to a new generation of DTaP vaccines which provide greater efficacy than is provided by today's vaccines

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Section: B Pertussismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: B Pertussis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Pertussis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

2005

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“…15,16 Among adults with cough illness, the incidence of confirmed pertussis has been estimated at 170 to 630 cases per 100,000. 17,18 The rates among adolescents were almost 2-fold higher.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis Infection in the United States: Role for Vaccination of Adolescents and Adults

Brooks¹,

Clover²

2006

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Pertussis is the only vaccine-preventable disease on the rise in the United States, with increasing incidence in adolescents and adults related to waning immunity. Although often considered a relatively mild infection in these populations, pertussis can be a serious, potentially deadly illness, particularly in children <12 months old. Infected adolescents and adults serve as a reservoir for disease transmission to young children and infants, who are most vulnerable to severe pertussis and its life-threatening compli- Pertussis is a highly contagious, respiratory disease marked by severe and protracted coughing. Its common name, whooping cough, comes from the "whoop" sound often made when affected persons try to inhale during or after a severe coughing spell. Pertussis is caused by Bordetella pertussis, a small aerobic Gram-negative rod first isolated at the beginning of the 20th century. The organism produces multiple antigenic and biologically active substances that play a role in the clinical illness and elicit an immune response conferring immunity. Recent evidence suggests that immunity from B. pertussis infection, whether vaccine acquired or natural, is not lifelong. In fact, immunity may wane rather quickly, with protection minimal after 10 years.1 Pertussis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, especially among the very young and the very old, and imposes an economic burden. About 90% of pertussis-related deaths are in infants Ͻ6 months old.2 Increased rates of pertussisrelated hospitalizations in persons Ͼ50 years may be due to increased risk of pneumonia. 3 Mean medical and nonmedical costs per case in 2002 were $242 and $155, respectively, for adolescents and $326 and $447, respectively, for adults. 4 More than 60% of affected adults miss a mean of 9.8 days from work and over 80% of affected adolescents miss a mean of 5.5 days from school because of pertussis. 4Pertussis remains a public health concern despite availability of an effective diphtheria-tetanusThis article was externally peer-reviewed.

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“…B. parapertussis was chosen because at the dose given in this study, infection with B. parapertussis on its own is a subclinical event that causes no apparent illness or weight loss and only minimal inflammation. An Influenza-Bordetella coinfection model also has clinical relevance because this combination is observed in the clinic (36,37). Moreover, the Bordetellae are challenging to culture from biological specimens and difficult to discriminate from other highly similar cocci by traditional microbiological techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein-2 Expression Drives Illness in Bacterial Superinfection of Influenza

Zavitz¹,

Bauer²,

Gaschler³

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

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Influenza virus infection is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. Influenza-infected hosts are vulnerable to secondary bacterial infection, however, and an ensuing bacterial pneumonia is actually the predominant cause of influenza-attributed deaths during pandemics. A number of mechanisms have been proposed by which influenza may predispose to superinfection with an unrelated or heterologous pathogen, but the subsequent interaction between the host, virus, and bacteria remains an understudied area. In this study, we develop and examine a novel model of heterologous pulmonary infection in which an otherwise subclinical Bordetella parapertussis infection synergizes with an influenza virus infection to yield a life-threatening secondary pneumonia. Despite a profound pulmonary inflammatory response and unaltered viral clearance, bacterial clearance was significantly impaired in heterologously infected mice. No deficits were observed in pulmonary or systemic adaptive immune responses or the viability or function of infiltrating inflammatory cells to explain this phenomenon, and we provide evidence that the onset of severe pulmonary inflammation actually precedes the increased bacterial burden, suggesting that exacerbated inflammation is independent of bacterial burden. To that end, neutralization of the ELR+ inflammatory chemokine MIP-2 (CXCL2/GRO-β) attenuated the inflammation, weight loss, and clinical presentation of heterologously infected mice without impacting bacterial burden. These data suggest that pulmonary inflammation, rather than pathogen burden, is the key threat during bacterial superinfection of influenza and that selective chemokine antagonists may be a novel therapeutic intervention in cases of bacterial superinfection of influenza.

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Frequency of Serological Evidence of Bordetella Infections and Mixed Infections with other Respiratory Pathogens in University Students with Cough Illnesses

Cited by 75 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

Pertussis Infection in the United States: Role for Vaccination of Adolescents and Adults

Dysregulated Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein-2 Expression Drives Illness in Bacterial Superinfection of Influenza

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