Frequency of Thyroid Disorder in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women and Its Association With Menopausal Symptoms

Abstract

Background Thyroid hormone has a significant effect on women’s life. Its dysfunction is widespread, particularly among women over 50. Understanding how thyroid disease's clinical symptoms change with aging is crucial when treating peri-and postmenopausal women. Considering that 30% of India's population is female, the thyroid disease epidemic appears to affect Indian women more than any other ailment. Therefore, the main aim of the study was the detection of the frequency of thyroid disorder in pre and postmenopausal women and its association with menopausal symptoms. Methodology An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre. All premenopausal and postmenopausal women attending the obstetrics and gynaecology department above 40 years of age, achieving natural menopause, and willing to participate were included in the study. Results A total of 150 women above 40 years of age were included in the study out of which 61 females were premenopausal age and 89 females were postmenopausal age. It was found that 53.3% were euthyroid, 13.3% had hypothyroidism, 3.4% had hyperthyroid, 23.3% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 6.7% had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Menopausal symptoms when compared to thyroid disorder demonstrated that somatic symptoms did not differ significantly across different thyroid disorder, psychological symptoms consisting of depressive mood was more prevalent among hypothyroid and hyperthyroid female (P<0.05), and urogenital symptoms consisting of sexual problems and bladder dysfunction did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in different thyroid disorder. Conclusion The present study concludes that thyroid disorder is common among pre- and postmenopausal age group women. Therefore, timely detection and intervention should be taken into consideration, and even if the thyroid level is found to be normal still lifestyle modification and counselling can help in improving the quality of life.

Efectos Cardiovasculares Del Hipotiroidismo Subclínico en Mujeres Postmenopáusicas

“…De las 150 mujeres estudiadas, 61 eran premenopáusicas y 89 eran postmenopáusicas. Los resultados mostraron que el 53.3% tenía una función tiroidea normal, el 13.3% hipotiroidismo, el 3.4% hipertiroidismo, el 23.3% hipotiroidismo subclínico y el 6.7% hipertiroidismo subclínico (Yadav et al, 2023). Un estudio de naturaleza transversal involucró a 190 mujeres posmenopáusicas.…”

“…Esto indica la necesidad de comprobar la función tiroidea en pacientes con síntomas de menopausia y la importancia de considerar la monitorización regular de los niveles tiroideos como medida preventiva, buscando una intervención temprana. Incluso si los resultados indican niveles tiroideos normales, la implementación de cambios en el estilo de vida y el asesoramiento pueden contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida (Yadav et al, 2023). La dislipidemia es la complicación más frecuente del hipertiroidismo subclínico, con un riesgo elevado de mortalidad por enfermedad cardíaca congestiva debido a los efectos sistémicos de la hormona tiroidea.…”

“…Dado que la prevalencia e incidencia de trastornos tiroideos posee una clara influencia del sexo y la edad, con mayor número de casos en mujeres y adultos mayores. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan la recomendación de que las mujeres posmenopáusicas deben mantener un monitoreo regular de sus niveles séricos de T3, T4 y TSH como medida preventiva ante posibles disfunciones tiroideas (Yadav et al, 2023). En un estudio se observó que el 17% de las mujeres perimenopáusicas participantes presentaba disfunción tiroidea, siendo el 14% de ellas afectadas por hipotiroidismo subclínico, el 2% por hipotiroidismo manifiesto y el 1% por hipertiroidismo.…”

“…Por lo tanto, la inclusión de la detección de la función tiroidea en las investigaciones de rutina para mujeres posmenopáusicas es crucial, ya que facilita el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos de los trastornos tiroideos para prevenir posibles complicaciones en el futuro. (Yadav, Kose, Bhalerao, et al, 2023) Tabla 1. Prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico en mujeres postmenopáusicas.…”