Frequency of West Nile Virus Infection in Iranian Blood Donors

Aghaie, Afsaneh; Aaskov, John; Chinikar, Sadegh; Niedrig, Matthias; Banazadeh, Soudabeh; Mohammadpour, Hashem Khorsand

doi:10.1007/s12288-015-0567-5

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Molecular evidence of WNV in mosquitoes accompanied to high IgG seroprevalence in the present study, suggests high WNV circulation in southern Iran. Previous studies performed in some provinces of Iran have shown seropositivity to WNV in humans (ranging from 1.3% to 17.96%), equine (ranging from 2.8% to 23.7%) and birds (15%); however, they did not identify any possible vectors [23, 24,34, 35]. An earlier study in northwest Iran showed the presence of WNV genome in Ae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…From September 2016 to June 2017, a total of 494 leftover serum samples were collected after an agreement with the governmental public laboratories at four major province counties, Khamir, Bandar Abbas, Bashagard and Jask (Fig 1). Sample size was calculated by the expected proportion of positive samples, based on previous studies performed in Iran [24, 29] using 0.05 level of significance resulting in a minimum of 300 samples needed. The samples belonged to people who used the laboratory services for various purposes, for example: routine check-ups, obtaining health certificates, follow ups of their chronic diseases, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread circulation of West Nile virus, but not Zika virus in southern Iran

et al. 2018

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West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are mosquito-borne viral infections. Over the past few decades, WNV has been associated with several outbreaks involving high numbers of neuroinvasive diseases among humans. The recent re-emergence of ZIKV has been associated with congenital malformation and also with Guillain–Barre syndrome in adults. The geographic range of arthropod-borne viruses has been rapidly increasing in recent years. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of IgG specific antibodies and the genome of WNV and ZIKV in human samples, as well as WNV and ZIKV genomes in wild-caught mosquitoes in urban and rural areas of the Hormozgan province, in southern Iran. A total of 494 serum samples were tested for the presence of WNV and ZIKV IgG antibodies using ELISA assays. One hundred and two (20.6%) samples were reactive for WNV IgG antibodies. All serum samples were negative for ZIKV IgG antibodies. Using the multivariable logistic analysis, age (45+ vs. 1–25; OR = 3.4, 95% C.I.: 1.8–6.3), occupation (mostly outdoor vs. mostly indoor; OR = 2.4, 95% C.I.: 1.1–5.2), and skin type(type I/II vs. type III/IV and type V/VI; OR = 4.3, 95% C.I.: 1.7–10.8 and OR = 2.7, 95% C.I.: 1.3–5.5 respectively, skin types based on Fitzpatrick scale) showed significant association with WNV seroreactivity. We collected 2,015 mosquitoes in 136 pools belonging to 5 genera and 14 species. Three pools of Culex pipiens complex were positive for WNV RNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR). ZIKV RNA was not detected in any of the pools. All WNV ELISA reactive serum samples were negative for WNV RNA. In conclusion, we provided evidence of the establishment of WNV in southern Iran and no proof of ZIKV in serum samples or in mosquito vectors. The establishment of an organized arbovirus surveillance system and active case finding strategies seems to be necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread circulation of West Nile virus, but not Zika virus in southern Iran

et al. 2018

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“…None of patients had recent or previous encephalitis symptoms. Although WNV cases and positive serologies have been reported in north and central Iran, [14][15][16] there is no report of WNV from the southern part. YFV has not been reported from Iran, and none of patients were vaccinated against YFV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Fever as an Emerging Infection in Southeast Iran

Heydari

Metanat

Rouzbeh-Far

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne acute viral disease presenting with hemorrhagic manifestations in severe cases. Southeast Iran is in close proximity to Pakistan, an endemic country for DF. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Sistan and Baluchestan province in the southeast of Iran to investigate possibility of DF (immunoglobulin M [IgM], immunoglobulin G [IgG], and nonstructural protein 1 [NS1] antigen tests) in 60 clinically suspected patients (April 2013 to August 2015). NS1 protein was detected in 5% ( = 3), at least one of the antibodies (IgM and/ or IgG) was detected in 11% ( = 7) of the samples. Five patients identified as of acutely infected. There was a simultaneous presence of NS1 protein and IgG or IgM antibodies in 4% ( = 2) of patients. Previous studies show establishment of potential vectors in this area. These evidences support the hypothesis that DF can be a health concern in Southeast Iran with potential future outbreaks.

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“…An outbreak is reported recently in Karachi however investigator cannot detect the viral genome (Khan et al, 2018). The major routes of transmission is mosquito bites to humans in WNV infection other routes may be blood transfusion and organ transplantation (Aghaie et al, 2016). Diagnoses can be done on the bases of IgM antibodies in blood serum (Control et al, 2011).…”

Section: West Nile Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resources Helps i̇n the Expansi̇on of Mosqui̇toes Coloni̇es

Haroona¹,

Yaseen²,

Husnain³

et al. 2020

Big. data. water. resour.

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In Pakistan, water storage bodies are often the most plentiful and active habitats of immature stages of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are blood feeding type of vectors that bite a particular host and suck blood. As a result, these vectors transmit disease causing agents to the host system. The most common mosquitoes borne viral diseases in Pakistan are Chicken gunya, Dengue fever, west nile and Zika fever. These diseases are common in low and poor living standard areas. Death rate increases due to more attack of these fatal diseases. Mosquitoes breeding sites are water bodies, discarded tyres, water tanks, bottles, cups and ant traps. Various environmental agents i.e. temperature fluctuations and water resources, now increase the rate of mosquitos in most areas of Pakistan. There is a lack of basic medical education and knowledge about its pervention techniques in mosquito affected areas in Pakistan. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current status of emerging mosquito borne viral diseases in Pakistan, i.e. Chicken gunya, Dengue fever, est nile and Zika fever. There is more need of prevention strategies and understanding about factors involved in spreading of mosquito borne diseases.

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Frequency of West Nile Virus Infection in Iranian Blood Donors

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Widespread circulation of West Nile virus, but not Zika virus in southern Iran

Widespread circulation of West Nile virus, but not Zika virus in southern Iran

Dengue Fever as an Emerging Infection in Southeast Iran

Water Resources Helps i̇n the Expansi̇on of Mosqui̇toes Coloni̇es

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