Frequency propagation: Multi-mechanism learning in nonlinear physical networks

Rao, Anisetti, Vidyesh; Kandala, A.; Scellier, B.; Schwarz, J. M.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2208.08862

Cited by 1 publication

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“…We need such starting points that contain information beyond automaton models [41][42][43] that include mechanics and chemical signaling [44] to begin to make quantitative predictions for cell breakout. While cell breakout is the obvious next step, we must also consider the multiscale aspect of cells [45] as well as the adaptability of cells and their ability to "train" the fiber network to be able to escape within a physical learning framework [46,47] just as neural networks are trained to perform a specific function. Moreover, cancer cells interact with other types of cells, such as immune cells, providing an entire cellular ecology as a backdrop with cancer cells trying to train immune cells and vice versa [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling due to embedded spheroid fluidization

Zhang,

Ameen,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Tumor spheroids arein vitrothree-dimensional, cellular collectives consisting of cancerous cells. Embedding these spheroids in anin vitrofibrous environment, such as a collagen network, to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an essential platform to quantitatively investigate the biophysical mechanisms leading to tumor invasion of the ECM. To understand the mechanical interplay between tumor spheroids and the ECM, we computationally construct and study a three-dimensional vertex model for a tumor spheroid that is mechanically coupled to a cross-linked network of fibers. In such a vertex model, cells are represented as deformable polyhedrons that share faces. Some fraction of the boundary faces of the tumor spheroid contain linker springs connecting the center of the boundary face to the nearest node in the fiber network. As these linker springs actively contract, the fiber network remodels. By toggling between fluid-like and solid-like spheroids via changing the dimensionless cell shape index, we find that the spheroid rheology affects the remodeling of the fiber network. More precisely, fluid-like spheroids displace the fiber network more on average near the vicinity of the spheroid than solid-like spheroids. We also find more densification of the fiber network near the spheroid for the fluid-like spheroids. These spheroid rheology-dependent effects are the result of cellular motility due to active cellular rearrangements that emerge over time in the fluid-like spheroids to generate spheroid shape fluctuations. These shape fluctuations lead to emergent feedback between the spheroid and the fiber network to further remodel the fiber network with, for example, lower radial alignment of the higher-tensioned fibers given the breaking of spheroidal radial symmetry, which can then further remodel the spheroid. Our results uncover intricate morphological-mechanical interplay between an embedded spheroid and its surrounding fiber network with both spheroid contractile strengthandspheroid shape fluctuations playing important roles in the pre-invasion stages of tumor invasion.

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