Frequency Regulation of Interconnected Power System Using Black Widow Optimization

Abstract

A frequency regulation of interconnected power system comprising thermal reheat system and photovoltaic panel systems is disclosed in this research article with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller optimized using Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) based on distinct feature of cannibalism of Black Widow Spiders (BWS). With rising demand for perfectly optimized power systems, a best optimal solution for controller gains besides merit of faster convergence and avoidance of trapping in local minimal are becoming key requirements for system engineers. In tune with these requirements, we have developed an optimized solution based on BWOA in the power system realm to minimize the fitness function which is Integral Time Absolute Error composing of frequency and tie-line power variations. Superiority of BWOA optimized controller in power system realm is established by comparing and analyzing its simulation results with some other known tuned controllers which uses different optimization algorithms namely firefly algorithm, genetic algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and modified whale optimization algorithm. Results in this paper lays out that BWOA optimized PID controller outperforms other reported controllers in terms of fitness function value, settling time, undershoot/overshoot of the incremental variations in frequency and tie-line power of the interconnected power system. Further, the potency and robustness of the proposed tuned controller are also proven by considering large variation in load demand, real-time constraints namely generation rate constraint and governor dead band in the system. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of the optimized controlled system is performed to conclude that the proposed BWOA optimized PID controller optimized controller is insensitive to changes in system parameters and eliminates the necessity of resetting of controller parameters. The performance of the proposed control technique is also tested on two-area non-reheat thermal power system with non-linear constraints namely time delay, generation rate constraint and governor deadband.

Decentralized Robust Controller Design for Strongly Interconnected Generators

“…A static synchronous series compensator which is based on the flexible AC transmission systems is presented in [13] to improve the performance of a multi-area power system in terms of the tie-line power and frquency. The regulation of frequency in an interconnected power system with thermal reheat and photovoltaic systems is proposed in [14].…”

Automatic Generation Control of a Hybrid PV-Reheat Thermal Power System Using RIME Algorithm

“…To address this, Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is indispensable for coordinating electric power systems. AGC's primary function is to meticulously control tie line power and system frequency variation, ensuring adherence to predetermined limits [1], [2], thereby safeguarding power system stability and reliability against the adverse effects of frequency oscillations. As conventional energy sources deplete, renewable energy sources (RES) gain prominence.…”

“…PV systems offer benefits such as reduced maintenance costs and suitability for distributed power generation. However, solar energy's intermittency requires the incorporation of numerous battery systems for consistent and reliable power output [1]- [4]. Integrating traditional energy sources like thermal generators with RES seems practical, optimizing benefits while providing a steady power output.…”

“…Existing literature often overlooks the structural subtleties of PV systems, including fluctuating solar irradiance, nonlinearities in power conversion, and environmental influences, potentially limiting AGC model accuracy [5]- [7]. Beyond the traditional proportional-integral (PI) controllers [1]- [4], a number of controllers are emerging in the complex field of AGC for power systems integrating RES. The exploration of advanced control strategies includes fractional-order PI (FOPI) [8], which introduces a nuanced fractional calculus element, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) [9], which provides enhanced dynamics, FOPID [10], which integrates fractional calculus for improved tuning flexibility, and fractional order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) [11], which fuses fuzzy logic with fractional-order dynamics for a more adaptive and robust control paradigm.…”

Optimal control for a photovoltaic integrated grid system using PSO and modified whale optimization to enhance power quality

“…When connecting a PV system to the grid, a highly effective converter is needed to convert the DC power to AC [10,11]. To evaluate the effectiveness of the system in terms of power flow regulation and grid synchronization, the optimization-based MPPT controller is implemented in the gridconnected system [12].…”