Frequency Stabilization of a Cesium Faraday Laser With a Double-Layer Vapor Cell as Frequency Reference

Abstract

We implement a compact optical frequency standard at the wavelength of 852 nm by the modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technique, using a Faraday laser as the local oscillator and a double-layer cesium vapor cell to provide frequency reference. The vacuum space between the two quartz glass layers of the double-layer atomic vapor cell can effectively suppress the temperature fluctuations inside the internal atomic vapor cell. The influences of probe and pump laser powers, modulation frequency, and vapor cell temperature on the slope of the MTS error signal are measured. Utilizing the self-estimation method, we evaluate the frequency stability of the laser system, which can be up to 5.8 × 10 −15 / √ τ at short term, dropping to 2.0 × 10 −15 at 50 s. This result is obviously superior to that using single-layer vapor cell as the frequency reference. Such an ultrastable laser source can be widely used in the fields of optical metrology and precision measurement.

Quantum sensing of microwave electric fields based on Rydberg atoms

“…At the center of the sensor, a vacuum glass cell consisting of a single species of alkali atoms works at room temperature, referred to as 'warm atoms'. Highly portable atomic cells with volumes less than 1 cm 3 have important applications in magnetometers, spectroscopic reference cells and atomic frequencies [30][31][32]. Atomic vapor cells and two-photon excitation lasers are commercial products that ensure the all-optical preparation of Rydberg atoms.…”

Linewidth Measurement of a Narrow-Linewidth Laser: Principles, Methods, and Systems

“…In terms of precision measurement, such as for atomic clocks, atomic magnetometers and LiDAR, laser heterodyne interferometry measurement systems have more stringent performance requirements for lasers [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. A narrow-linewidth laser characterizes physical quantities such as the time reference, gravity, and magnetic field by pumping atoms and manipulating quantum states [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In the field of ultra-high-speed optical communication, different coherent modulation systems require different minimum laser linewidths.…”

An atomic filter laser with a compact Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter

“…A promising alternative to these lasers has recently emerged via the utilization of a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as a frequency-selective element. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] This atomic filter laser, called "the Faraday laser," limits its frequency to the 1 GHz narrow-band transmission window of FADOF, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] where the central frequency is close to the atomic transition. Consequently, the Faraday laser could remain within the 1 GHz vicinity of the atom's transition regardless of the fluctuation in the diode current and diode temperature, corresponding to atomic transition automatically.…”

“…Consequently, the Faraday laser could remain within the 1 GHz vicinity of the atom's transition regardless of the fluctuation in the diode current and diode temperature, corresponding to atomic transition automatically. [16][17][18][19][20][21]23,24 In addition, the transmission window of FADOF is determined by the magnetic field and the cell temperature, independent of mechanical angle and length. In contrast, the transmission windows of other frequency-selective elements are mainly determined by the mechanical angle (spatial gratings and interference filters) or mechanical length (FP etalons).…”

“…Second, an atomic cell is smaller in the atomic filter laser in its radial dimension till now. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Therefore, magnets placed in the radial direction are closer, generating a stronger magnetic field for exploring better laser performance. Despite these properties, the application of the VADOF to the state-of-the-art diode laser has yet to be demonstrated, primarily owing to the lack of detailed research on the influencing factor toward VADOF.…”