Frequency support characteristics of grid‐interactive power converters based on the synchronous power controller

Abstract

Grid-interactive converters with primary frequency control and inertia emulation have emerged and are promising for future renewable generation plants because of the contribution in power system stabilisation. This study gives a synchronous active power control solution for grid-interactive converters, as a way to emulate synchronous generators for inerita characteristics and load sharing. As design considerations, the virtual angle stability and transient response are both analysed, and the detailed implementation structure is also given without entailing any difficulty in practice. The analytical and experimental validation of frequency support characteristics differentiates the work from other publications on generator emulation control. The 10 kW simulation and experimental frequency sweep tests on a regenerative source test bed present good performance of the proposed control in showing inertia and droop characteristics, as well as the controllable transient response.

Robust Analytic Design of Power-Synchronization Control

“…Proof: See Appendix IV. Due to selection recommendation (19) of R a , b can be neglected in (24). Yet, because of the factor 1/ √ 2 + a = 1/ 2 + ω 1 Li q0 /V , (24) requires knowledge of L, i.e., of the SCR.…”

“…where D(s) = K D s/(s + α f ). M can be expressed in the inertia constant H (with dimension time) and in the rated apparent power of the converter S base as [23], [24]…”

Overview of power electronics technology and applications in power generation transmission and distribution

“…On the one hand, new converter topologies featuring higher efficiencies will be developed [66]. On the other hand, the higher share of renewables in the generation mix will call for advanced controllers mimicking or even improving the behavior of conventional power plants [67]. Moreover, a massive penetration of distributed and renewable resources will involve a considerable effort in terms of new standards, addressing communication and protection issues, as well as grid codes imposing stringent connection requirements [68].…”

Impact of 100‐MW‐scale PV plants with synchronous power controllers on power system stability in northern Chile

“…Thus, the provision of synthetic inertia is studied in [25], and this concept is extended to the emulation of a synchronous machine, which leads to the so-called virtual synchronous generators [26]. The effect of these types of controllers has been normally analysed only in small test systems, considering one converter connected to the main grid or a small microgrid [27][28][29][30][31][32]. However, their impact on bulk power systems, which may be subject to phenomena and interactions that are not present in smaller systems, has not been addressed in detail.…”