Frequent analgesics consumption in migraineurs: comparison between chronic and episodic migraineurs

Abstract

To assess the frequent consumption of symptomatic medications in migraineurs, we consecutively recruited 536 migraineurs from a headache clinic. Among them, 194 (36.2%) had chronic migraine and 342 had episodic migraine. When grouped according to duration of headache, the proportion of patients with chronic migraine increased from 25.5% to 50.9% as headache history increased from <1 to >20 years. The percentage of patients with frequent analgesics consumption also increased with the duration of headache, in patients with both chronic migraine (from 25.0% to 85.7%) and episodic migraine (from 20.0% to 59.3%). Nonetheless, patients with chronic migraine had a higher prevalence of frequent consumption of abortive medications than patients with episodic migraine regardless of duration of headache history, and the common odds ratio across strata of headache duration was 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.9–4.1). However, we found that a long headache history is an important risk factor for frequent consumption of symptomatic medications in migraineurs in patients with both episodic migraine and chronic migraine.

Transferability of cocrystallization propensities between aromatic and heteroaromatic amides

“…Pyrazinamide with its bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activities, acting as an efficient antitubercular agent [37], was also recognized as an important medication. Also salicylamide and ethenzamide are known as analgesic and antipyretic drugs [38]. They are used as non-prescription painkillers belonging to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents with medicinal uses similar to those of aspirin.…”

Gender differences in older adults with chronic migraine in Turkey

“…27 In Asian studies, the median CM frequency was 52% (mean 46%), with reported values ranging from 4.7% 27 to 82%. [30][31][32][33][34] A USA study showed that the estimated prevalence of CM in the 50-59 years age group was 1.33% range (0.98-1.81) for women and 0.59% range (0.35-1.00) for men. A systematic review showed that just four studies determined the frequency of CM as a proportion of total migraine (19-41%), as in the present study.…”

“…A systematic review showed that just four studies determined the frequency of CM as a proportion of total migraine (19-41%), as in the present study. [30][31][32][33][34] A USA study showed that the estimated prevalence of CM in the 50-59 years age group was 1.33% range (0.98-1.81) for women and 0.59% range (0.35-1.00) for men. 4 Over the age of 60 years, these proportions were 0.56% (0.41-0.76) and 0.26% (0.15-0.44), respectively.…”

Application of Box–Behnken Design to Investigate the Effect of Process Parameters on the Microparticle Production of Ethenzamide through the Rapid Expansion of the Supercritical Solutions Process

“…In this study, the RESS process was adopted for microparticle production of ethenzamide. Ethenzamide is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which is used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent for pain relief [15,16]. According to the PubChem database, ethenzamide is a poorly water-soluble drug, and its water solubility is less than 1 mg/mL at 289 K. The poor aqueous solubility of ethenzamide results in poor dissolution, poor absorption, and low bioavailability, and makes drug formulation more difficult.…”