Frequent in-migration and highly focal transmission of dengue viruses among children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

Rabaa, Maia A.; Klungthong, Chonticha; Yoon, Inhyun; Holmes, Eddie; Chinnawirotpisan, Piyawan; Thaisomboonsuk, Butsaya; Rothman, Alan L.; Tannitisupawong, Darunee; Aldstadt, Jared; Nisalak, Ananda; Mammen, M.P.; Thammapalo, S.; Gibbons, Robert V.; Endy, Timothy P.; Fansiri, Thanyalak; Pimgate, Chusak; Scott, T.W.; Jarman, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.211

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The situation in rural areas, which make up the majority of the country, may be markedly different. Phylogenetic studies have shown widespread genetic and serotype diversity across the rural Thai province of Kamphaeng Phet with some clustering of lineages within villages [6], [7]. In addition, cluster studies in the same region detected infected individuals within 15 days of an index case at distances of 100 m within villages [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Dynamics of Dengue Virus in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

et al. 2014

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BackgroundDengue is endemic to the rural province of Kamphaeng Phet, Northern Thailand. A decade of prospective cohort studies has provided important insights into the dengue viruses and their generated disease. However, as elsewhere, spatial dynamics of the pathogen remain poorly understood. In particular, the spatial scale of transmission and the scale of clustering are poorly characterized. This information is critical for effective deployment of spatially targeted interventions and for understanding the mechanisms that drive the dispersal of the virus.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe geocoded the home locations of 4,768 confirmed dengue cases admitted to the main hospital in Kamphaeng Phet province between 1994 and 2008. We used the phi clustering statistic to characterize short-term spatial dependence between cases. Further, to see if clustering of cases led to similar temporal patterns of disease across villages, we calculated the correlation in the long-term epidemic curves between communities. We found that cases were 2.9 times (95% confidence interval 2.7–3.2) more likely to live in the same village and be infected within the same month than expected given the underlying spatial and temporal distribution of cases. This fell to 1.4 times (1.2–1.7) for individuals living in villages 1 km apart. Significant clustering was observed up to 5 km. We found a steadily decreasing trend in the correlation in epidemics curves by distance: communities separated by up to 5 km had a mean correlation of 0.28 falling to 0.16 for communities separated between 20 km and 25 km. A potential explanation for these patterns is a role for human movement in spreading the pathogen between communities. Gravity style models, which attempt to capture population movement, outperformed competing models in describing the observed correlations.ConclusionsThere exists significant short-term clustering of cases within individual villages. Effective spatially and temporally targeted interventions deployed within villages may target ongoing transmission and reduce infection risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Dynamics of Dengue Virus in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

et al. 2014

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“…; Rabaa et al. ). It is unlikely that A. albopictus , a secondary DENV vector found in Thailand, prevented local adaptation because A. aegypti is the predominant mosquito vector at our study sites (Chareonviriyaphap et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Rabaa et al. ). While there is compelling evidence for genetic differences in virulence and epidemic potential among DENV genotypes, lineages, and strains (Rico‐Hesse ), the evolutionary forces that shape the spatial structure of DENV genetic diversity presently are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

No evidence for local adaptation of dengue viruses to mosquito vector populations in Thailand

Fansiri

Pongsiri

Klungthong

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Despite their epidemiological importance, the evolutionary forces that shape the spatial structure of dengue virus genetic diversity are not fully understood. Fine‐scale genetic structure of mosquito vector populations and evidence for genotype × genotype interactions between dengue viruses and their mosquito vectors are consistent with the hypothesis that the geographical distribution of dengue virus genetic diversity may reflect viral adaptation to local mosquito populations. To test this hypothesis, we measured vector competence in all sympatric and allopatric combinations of 14 low‐passage dengue virus isolates and two wild‐type populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes sampled in Bangkok and Kamphaeng Phet, two sites located about 300 km apart in Thailand. Despite significant genotype × genotype interactions, we found no evidence for superior vector competence in sympatric versus allopatric vector–virus combinations. Viral phylogenetic analysis revealed no geographical clustering of the 14 isolates, suggesting that high levels of viral migration (gene flow) in Thailand may counteract spatially heterogeneous natural selection. We conclude that it is unlikely that vector‐mediated selection is a major driver of dengue virus adaptive evolution at the regional scale that we examined. Dengue virus local adaptation to mosquito vector populations could happen, however, in places or times that we did not test, or at a different geographical scale.

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“…We could not find any studies done on factors associated with internal migration among dengue patients from other studies. Although there is evidence that migrant workers had more risk of dengue (3)(4)(5), probably due to residing in poor housing conditions. Therefore, a comparative study would be recommended for assessing the association between risks of dengue infection and residing in poor housing conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the migration status of the patients from dengue non-endemic areas to endemic areas is thought to be a risk factor, of which the epidemiology is poorly understood. Research evidence suggests that internal migrant workers are more vulnerable to dengue (3)(4)(5). However, the underlying determinants for their vulnerability to dengue has not been explored in depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal migration related factors among dengue patients in Western Province, Sri Lanka

Peiris¹,

Welgama²,

Wickramage³

et al. 2019

J Coll Community Phys Sri Lanka

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Introduction: In recent years, Sri Lanka has experienced a surge in the incidence of dengue. Among other reasons, internal migration of people into dengue-high risk areas is thought to be an important factor for the rising case load. Objectives: To identify the factors associated with internal migration of low-income adults among dengue patients in Western Province, Sri Lanka Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Western Province in November 2017. The study population consisted of 473 confirmed adult dengue patients. Internal migrant was defined as an adult who has moved from his original place of residence and been living in the district migrated to for less than five years. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: There were 53 (11.2%) internal migrants belonging to low-income group among the dengue patients. Of them, 30 (56.6%) stated that the reason for migration was employment while 9 (17%) indicated education. Being of age 30 years, coupled with low educational level showed a statistically significant association with internal migration of adults having dengue fever. Although there were more males than females, and more displaced than non-displaced among the internal migrants, these were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Younger age and low educational level were associated with internal migration mainly due to employment.

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Frequent in-migration and highly focal transmission of dengue viruses among children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

Cited by 6 publications

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The Spatial Dynamics of Dengue Virus in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

The Spatial Dynamics of Dengue Virus in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

No evidence for local adaptation of dengue viruses to mosquito vector populations in Thailand

Internal migration related factors among dengue patients in Western Province, Sri Lanka

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