Frequent occurrence of nonprimate hepacivirus infections in Thoroughbred breeding horses – A cross-sectional study for the occurrence of infections and potential risk factors

Reichert, Claudia; Campe, Amely; Wälter, Stephanie; Pfaender, Stephanie; Welsch, Kathrin; Ruddat, Inga; Sieme, Harald; Feige, Karsten; Steinmann, Eike; Cavalleri, Jessika‐M. V.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.030

Cited by 23 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Statistical analysis to identify the risk factors involved with EPgV and EPgV‐EqHV infections demonstrated a higher chance of infection in young horses, in agreement to other reports of EqHV infection (Figueiredo et al, ; Kim et al, ; Matsuu et al, ; Reichert et al, ). One possible explanation is the management of neonates, which may contribute to infection spread.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The newly described equine hepacivirus (EqHV, Hepacivirus A ) has broad distribution, with RNA prevalence ranging from 0.9% to 35.6% (Badenhorst et al, ; Elia et al, ; Figueiredo et al, ; Kim, Moon, Sung, & Kwon, ; Lyons et al, ; Matsuu et al, ; Pronost et al, ; Reichert et al, ; Tanaka et al, ). In Brazil, prevalence ranges from 8.3% to 13.4% (Figueiredo et al, , ; Gemaque et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First description of Theiler's disease‐associated virus infection and epidemiological investigation of equine pegivirus and equine hepacivirus coinfection in Brazil

Figueiredo

Moraes

Soares

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Recent advances in the study of equine pegivirus (EPgV), Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV) and equine hepacivirus (EqHV) highlight their importance to veterinary and human health. To gain some insight into virus distribution, possible risk factors, presence of liver damage and genetic variability of these viruses in Brazil, we performed a cross-sectional study of EPgV and TDAV infections using a simultaneous detection assay, and assessed EqHV coinfection in different horse cohorts. Of the 500 serum samples screened, TDAV, EPgV and EPgV-EqHV were present in 1.6%, 14.2% and 18.3%, respectively. EPgV-positive horses were present in four Brazilian states: Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Serum biochemical alterations were present in 40.4% of EPgV-infected horses, two of them presenting current liver injury. Chance of infection was 2.7 times higher in horses ≤5 years old (p = 0.0008) and 4.9 times higher in horses raised under intensive production systems (p = 0.0009). EPgV-EqHV coinfection was 75% less likely in horses older than 5 years comparatively to those with ≤5 years old (p = 0.047). TDAV-positive animals were detected in different horse categories without biochemical alteration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of Theiler's disease‐associated virus infection and epidemiological investigation of equine pegivirus and equine hepacivirus coinfection in Brazil

Figueiredo

Moraes

Soares

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…; Reichert et al . ). Additionally, EqHV was detected in numerous hepatocytes using a fluorescence in situ ‐hybridization (FISH) technique (Fig.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, in the serum EqHV was detected by qRT-PCR with a titer of 1.1 9 10 5 RNA copies mL À1 serum (Table 1). qRT-PCR was performed as previously described (Burbelo et al 2012;Reichert et al 2017). Additionally, EqHV was detected in numerous hepatocytes using a fluorescence in situ-hybridization (FISH) technique ( Fig.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic equine hepacivirus infection in an adult gelding with severe hepatopathy

Tegtmeyer

Echelmeyer

Pfankuche

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Equine hepacivirus (EqHV) in equids represents the closest homologue to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infecting humans. A majority of HCV infected patients develop a chronic course of infection leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, in horses mostly transient mild subclinical infections are reported for EqHV to date. Objectives: EqHV can be involved in chronic liver diseases of horses. Methods: Biochemical parameters in serum samples were measured. Viral load was determined using qPCR. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of serum was performed. Liver tissue was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed for viral RNA with fluorescent in situ‐hybridization. Results: The horse showed symptoms of severe hepatopathy and was chronically infected with EqHV. Viral RNA was detectable in the liver during disease. To rule out other infectious agents NGS was performed and showed the highest abundance for EqHV. The identified virus sequence was similar to other circulating equine hepaciviruses. Conclusions: EqHV can be associated with liver disease in horses. Whether it causes the disease or contributes in a multifactorial manner needs further investigation.

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“…The infection was associated with acute and chronic liver disease as measured by elevations of liver-specific enzymes and/or by histopathology. A frequent occurrence of NPHV was found in Thoroughbreds in northern and western Germany with 453 seropositive horses (61.8 %) and 134 horses (18.3 %) carrying NPHV RNA (Reichert et al 2017). In France Pronost et al (2017) detected NPHV infections in 6.2 % of the horses, but the presence of circulating virus was neither significantly associated with biological disturbances nor with clinical hepatic impairment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monthly changes of standard serum liver parameters of clinically healthy horses over a period of 24 months

Gabe¹,

Fedtke²,

Pankraz³

et al. 2018

PHK

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Summary: Horses that are in good health sometimes reveal in routine blood screenings increased serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutamate-dehydrogenase (GLDH) as well as aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) without any corresponding clinical signs. For that reason, the aim of this study was to assess physiological changes of standard serum liver parameters in a population of normal warmblood horses in training over a period of 24 months. The study was conducted between March 2012 and February 2014. The study population consisted of 14 clinically healthy warmblood horses that were used as police horses. Body weight, body condition score and nutrition history were assessed monthly. The nutrient supply was calculated by ration formulation. Throughout the study feed samples of hay, straw, oats and complementary feeds were obtained on a monthly basis as well as blood samples (n = 334). A complete blood count was performed. The clinical chemistry panel consisted of serum hepatic enzyme activity evaluation including GGT, GLDH, AST as well as the analysis of total bilirubin, bile acids, total protein and albumin. The median hematological parameter as the median serum concentrations of bilirubin, bile acids, total protein and albumin were within the upper reference ranges. In certain months the median activities of AST, GGT and GLDH exceeded the upper reference limits. Furthermore, significant seasonal fluctuations (p < 0.05) of bile acids, AST, GGT and GLDH were assessed.

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Frequent occurrence of nonprimate hepacivirus infections in Thoroughbred breeding horses – A cross-sectional study for the occurrence of infections and potential risk factors

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

First description of Theiler's disease‐associated virus infection and epidemiological investigation of equine pegivirus and equine hepacivirus coinfection in Brazil

First description of Theiler's disease‐associated virus infection and epidemiological investigation of equine pegivirus and equine hepacivirus coinfection in Brazil

Chronic equine hepacivirus infection in an adult gelding with severe hepatopathy

Monthly changes of standard serum liver parameters of clinically healthy horses over a period of 24 months

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