Frequent oropharyngeal shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in homosexual men during early HIV infection

Ferbas, John; Ma, Rahman; Kingsley, Lawrence A.; Ja, Armstrong; Ho, Martin; Sy, Zhou; Cr, Rinaldo

doi:10.1097/00002030-199211000-00006

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This demonstration of EBV replication in normal tongue epithelial cells suggests that the tongue may be a source of the EBV secreted into the saliva of HIV-infected individuals without hairy leukoplakia [40,41]. In addition, productive replication in normal tongue epithelium should be investigated as a potential source of the salivary EBV detected in mononucleosis patients [2,3] and in otherwise healthy individuals persistently infected with EBV [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Persistent Productive Epstein‐Barr Virus Replication in Normal Epithelial Cells In Vivo

Walling

Flaitz

Nichols³

et al. 2001

J INFECT DIS

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Productive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication characterizes hairy leukoplakia, an oral epithelial lesion typically occurring in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serial tongue biopsy specimens were obtained from HIV-infected subjects before, during, and after valacyclovir treatment. EBV replication was detected by Southern hybridization to linear terminal EBV genome fragments, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification of EBV replicative gene transcripts, immunohistochemical detection of EBV replicative protein, and in situ hybridization to EBV DNA. EBV replication was detected in both hairy leukoplakia and normal tongue tissues. Valacyclovir treatment completely abrogated EBV replication in vivo, resulting in resolution of hairy leukoplakia when it was present. EBV replication returned in normal tongue epithelial cells after valacyclovir treatment. These data suggest that normal oral epithelium supports persistent EBV infection in individuals infected with HIV and that productive EBV replication is necessary but not sufficient for the pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Persistent Productive Epstein‐Barr Virus Replication in Normal Epithelial Cells In Vivo

Walling

Flaitz

Nichols³

et al. 2001

J INFECT DIS

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“…EBV infection was found in the anorectum of 29.6% and 32% of HIV-positive German and Swedish MSM, respectively [ 30 , 31 ]. Oropharyngeal shedding of EBV was detected in 49–88.8% and 16–56% of HIV-seropositive and seronegative MSM, respectively [ 32 , 33 ]. In the urethral site, EBV was found in 30.7% of asymptomatic American MSM; notably, EBV prevalence (72.7%) was significantly associated with HIV shedding in semen [ 34 ], corresponding to our finding as shown in Table 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and anatomical sites of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus infections in men who have sex with men, Khon Kaen, Thailand

Chuerduangphui¹,

Proyrungroj²,

Pientong³

et al. 2018

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that are frequently found in men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection.MethodsThis study investigated the prevalence of infection and anatomical site distribution of these viruses in asymptomatic MSM. DNA, extracted from cells collected from the anorectum, oropharynx and urethra of 346 participants, was investigated for the presence of EBV, HPV and HSV using real-time PCR. Demographic data from the participants were analyzed.ResultsAll three viruses were found in all sampled sites. EBV was the commonest virus, being detected in the anorectum (47.7% of participants), oropharynx (50.6%) and urethra (45.6%). HPV and HSV were found in 43.9% and 2.9% of anorectum samples, 13.8% and 3.8% of oropharynx samples and 25.7% and 2% of urethra samples, respectively. HPV infection of the anorectum was significantly associated with age groups 21–30 (odds = 3.043, 95% CI = 1.643–5.638 and P = 0.001) and 46–60 years (odds = 2.679, 95% CI = 1.406–5.101 and P = 0.03). EBV infection of the urethra was significantly correlated with age group 21–30 years (odds = 1.790, 95% CI = 1.010–3.173 and P = 0.046). EBV/HPV co-infection of the anorectum (odds = 3.211, 95% CI = 1.271–8.110, P = 0.014) and urethra (odds = 2.816, 95% CI = 1.024–7.740, P = 0.045) was also associated with this age group. Among HIV-positive MSM, there was a significant association between age-group (odds = 21.000, 95% CI = 1.777–248.103, P = 0.016) in HPV infection of the anorectum. A failure to use condoms was significantly associated with HPV infection of the anorectum (odds = 4.095, 95% CI = 1.404–11.943, P = 0.010) and urethra (odds = 7.187, 95% CI = 1.385–37.306, P = 0.019). Similarly, lack of condom use was significantly associated with EBV infection of the urethra (odds = 7.368, 95% CI = 1.580–34.371, P = 0.011).ConclusionThese results indicate that asymptomatic MSM in Northeast Thailand form a potential reservoir for transmission of STDs, and in particular for these viruses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3406-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Immunodeficiency permits coinfection with multiple EBV types and strains [13,14,16,20,22,25,34,112]. Persistent productive EBV replication provides an opportunity for new genetic variation to arise [113][114][115][116][117][118]. Decreased host immunosurveillance permits selection based on EBV replication characteristics rather than evasion of the host immune response [88,119].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Epstein‐Barr Virus: Sequence Variation and Genetic Recombination in the Latent Membrane Protein‐1 Gene

et al. 1999

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The phylogeny and evolution of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genetic variation are poorly understood. EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene sequences are especially heterogeneous and may be useful as a tool for EBV genotype identification. Therefore, LMP-1 sequences obtained directly from EBV-infected human tissues were examined by PCR amplification and cloning. EBV genotypes were defined as "strains" from among 22 identified LMP-1 sequence patterns. Three molecular mechanisms were identified by which genetic diversity arises in the LMP-1 gene: point mutation, sequence deletion or duplication, and homologous recombination. The rate of LMP-1 gene evolution was found to be accelerated by coinfection with multiple EBV strains. The results of this study refine our understanding of LMP-1 sequence variation and enable accurate discrimination between independent EBV infection events and the consequence of intrahost EBV evolution. Thus, this LMP-1 sequence-based approach to EBV molecular epidemiology will facilitate the study of intrahost EBV infection, coinfection, and persistence.

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Frequent oropharyngeal shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in homosexual men during early HIV infection

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Persistent Productive Epstein‐Barr Virus Replication in Normal Epithelial Cells In Vivo

Persistent Productive Epstein‐Barr Virus Replication in Normal Epithelial Cells In Vivo

Prevalence and anatomical sites of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus infections in men who have sex with men, Khon Kaen, Thailand

The Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Epstein‐Barr Virus: Sequence Variation and Genetic Recombination in the Latent Membrane Protein‐1 Gene

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