Frequent participation in high volume exercise throughout life is associated with a more differentiated adaptive immune response

Moro-García, Marco Antonio; Fernández‐García, Benjamín; Echeverría, Ainara; Rodriguez-Alonso, Manuel; Suárez-García, Francisco Manuel; Solano-Jaurrieta, Juan José; López‐Larrea, Carlos; Alonso-Arias, Rebeca

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.014

Cited by 48 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Spielmann et al showed that aerobic fitness was associated with lower percentages of the most differentiated CD4 + and CD8 + T cells; however, the study did not analyze elderly individuals, with the oldest group being 52-61 years old (Spielmann et al 2011). In contrast, Moro-Garcia et al studied subjects with a similar age range to our elderly but found opposite results: their athletes had significantly increased numbers of CD4 + T EMRA cells compared with non-athletes, as well as a trend toward increased numbers of CD8 + T EMRA cells (Moro-García et al 2014). In addition, the authors found an increased proportion of CD8 + T cells and a decreased proportion of CD4 + T cells, with a consequent reduction in the CD4/ CD8 ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…We speculate that this may have resulted in the finding of no evident inflammatory background in our control group. We also acknowledge that the T EMRA cell compartment may comprise cells with different degrees of differentiation, as has been shown by studies that used additional cell surface markers, such as KLRG1 and CD27 (Spielmann et al 2011;Moro-García et al 2014). It would thus be interesting to see whether these late differentiation markers would be expressed by T EMRA cells at lower levels in trained individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Moderate and intense exercise lifestyles attenuate the effects of aging on telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations

Silva

Araújo

Fernandes

et al. 2016

AGE

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Studies indicate that exercise might delay human biological aging, but the effects of long-term exercise on T cell function are not well known. We tested the hypothesis that moderate or intense exercise lifestyle may attenuate the effects of aging on the telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations. Elderly (65-85 years) with intense training lifestyle (IT, n = 15), moderate training lifestyle (MT, n = 16), and who never trained (NT, n = 15) were studied. Although the three groups presented the ageassociated contraction of the TCD4 + /TCD8 + naïve compartments and expansion of the memory compartments, both training modalities were associated with lower proportion of terminally differentiated (CD45RA + CCR7 neg ) TCD4 + and TCD8 + cells, although among the latter cells, the reduction reached statistical significance only with IT. MT was associated with higher proportion of central memory TCD4 + cells, while IT was associated with higher proportion of effector memory TCD8 + cells. However, both training lifestyles were unable to modify the proportion of senescent (CD28 neg ) TCD8 + cells. Telomeres were longer in T cells in both training groups; with IT, telomere length increased mainly in TCD8 + cells, whereas with MT, a modest increase in telomere length was observed in both TCD8 + and TCD4 + cells. Reduced commitment to apoptosis of resting T cells, as assessed by caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression, was seen predominantly with IT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Moderate and intense exercise lifestyles attenuate the effects of aging on telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations

Silva

Araújo

Fernandes

et al. 2016

AGE

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“…In the present study, we chose to study young and healthy athletes to minimize the influence of potential confounding factors such as aging and disease, that is known to influence immune function [31]. Also, it is worth mentioning that to avoid the potential immune dysregulation associated with intensified training and excessive emotional stress [3] , thus to best mimic the general population who undergo intense endurance exercise training for health and fitness purposes, the athletes were in their regular training period and were not preparing for any competition in the following three months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune adaptation to chronic intense exercise training: new microarray evidence

Wang

Grant

et al. 2017

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundEndurance exercise training, especially the high-intensity training, exhibits a strong influence on the immune system. However, the mechanisms underpinning the immune-regulatory effect of exercise remain unclear. Consequently, we chose to investigate the alterations in the transcriptional profile of blood leukocytes in young endurance athletes as compared with healthy sedentary controls, using Affymetrix human gene 1.1 ST array.ResultsGroup differences in the transcriptome were analyzed using Intensity-based Hierarchical Bayes method followed by a Logistic Regression-based gene set enrichment method.We identified 72 significant transcripts differentially expressed in the leukocyte transcriptome of young endurance athletes as compared with non-athlete controls with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, comprising mainly the genes encoding ribosomal proteins and the genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Gene set enrichment analysis identified three major gene set clusters: two were up-regulated in athletes including gene translation and ribosomal protein production, and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and biogenesis; one gene set cluster identified as transcriptionally downregulated in athletes was related to inflammation and immune activity.ConclusionOur data indicates that in young healthy individuals, intense endurance exercise training (exemplifed by athletic training) can chronically induce transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes, upregulating genes related to protein production and mitochondrial energetics, and downregulating genes involved in inflammatory response. The findings of the study also provide support for the notion that peripheral blood can be used as a surrogate tissue to study the systemic effect of exercise training.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3388-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, individuals undertaking a much higher volume of endurance training appear to exhibit exaggerated signs of T cell immunosenescence compared to less active age-matched controls [73, 74]. Examples of these changes include a greater accumulation of late-stage differentiated T cells, fewer naïve T cells, and reduced thymic output, as shown by lower levels of T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles in resting blood samples [73, 74]. These effects appear to be most prominent in younger compared to older athletes [74].…”

Section: The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Training On Late-stage DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of these changes include a greater accumulation of late-stage differentiated T cells, fewer naïve T cells, and reduced thymic output, as shown by lower levels of T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles in resting blood samples [73, 74]. These effects appear to be most prominent in younger compared to older athletes [74]. Thus, these findings could be interpreted as being a proimmunosenescence effect of very prolonged and repeated aerobic exercise bouts.…”

Section: The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Training On Late-stage DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Regular Exercise Counter T Cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies?

Turner

Brum

2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training or regular physical activity is beneficial for immune function. For example, some evidence shows that individuals with an active lifestyle exhibit stronger immune responses to vaccination compared to those who are inactive. Encouragingly, poor vaccine responses, which are characteristic of an ageing immune system, can be improved by single or repeated bouts of exercise. In addition, exercise-induced lymphocytosis, and the subsequent lymphocytopenia, is thought to facilitate immune surveillance, whereby lymphocytes search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation. Aerobic exercise training is anti-inflammatory and is linked to lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with infectious, immunological, and inflammatory aetiologies, including cancer. These observations have led to the view that aerobic exercise training might counter the age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence. This article summarises the aspects of immune function that are sensitive to exercise-induced change, highlighting the observations which have stimulated the idea that aerobic exercise training could prevent, limit, or delay immunosenescence, perhaps even restoring aged immune profiles. These potential exercise-induced anti-immunosenescence effects might contribute to the mechanisms by which active lifestyles reduce the risk of developing cancer and perhaps benefit patients undergoing cancer therapy.

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Frequent participation in high volume exercise throughout life is associated with a more differentiated adaptive immune response

Cited by 48 publications

References 56 publications

Moderate and intense exercise lifestyles attenuate the effects of aging on telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations

Moderate and intense exercise lifestyles attenuate the effects of aging on telomere length and the survival and composition of T cell subpopulations

Immune adaptation to chronic intense exercise training: new microarray evidence

Does Regular Exercise Counter T Cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies?

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