Fresh isolate adult telomerase positive stem cells: An addition to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), and/or Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine

Abstract

Currently, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the holy grail for regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, in clinical trials their efficacies have been less than ideal. While telomerase positive ESCs or iPSCs will form every cell type in the body, if implanted in their naïve state, they form teratomas. MSCs are a tripotent telomerase negative progenitor cell that will form fat, cartilage, and bone. MSCs’ efficacy for treating conditions other than fat, cartilage, and bone average 1-5%. We offer healing adult telomerase positive stem cells (aTPSCs) as an addition stem cell to regenerative medicine. The aTPSCs are few in number and reside in connective tissues throughout the body in a quiescent state. Upon stimulation, the aTPSCs divide symmetrically to large numbers due to the presence of the telomerase enzyme. Coupled with their ability to differentiate into any progenitor or differentiated cell in the body from their naïve state under the direction of locally released exosome cues, make them an ideal candidate for regenerative medicine. When tested in clinical studies, both autologous and allogeneic aTPSCs demonstrated a 100% safety record and a cumulative efficacy of 86.4% for reversing signs and symptoms in 20 chronic diseases or traumatic injuries. The results suggested that aTPSCs retain all the positive aspects of ESCs, iPSCs, and MSCs, while exhibiting none of their negative aspects. Therefore, I propose that aTPSCs be an added category of stem cells for use in regenerative medicine to increase efficacy of proposed treatments.