Background: Cell therapy using Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMC) has been shown as a potential treatment for liver diseases. BMMC can act by fusion, differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells and/or secretion of paracrine factors. Here, we used encapsulated BMMC in a model of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced acute liver injury to study in vivo and in vitro differentiation of BMMC.