Freshwater harmful algal bloom (FHAB) suppression with solar powered circulation (SPC)

Hudnell, H. Kenneth; Jones, Christopher D.; Labisi, Bo; Lucero, Vic; Hill, Dennis R.; Eilers, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2009.10.003

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These mixers have thus a limited zone of influence and are unable to adequately mix entire lakes to effectively control cyanobacteria (Upadhyay et al 2013). In contrast, Hudnell et al (2010) showed that solar-powered circulation suppressed cyanobacterial densities in two reservoirs. Here, several so-called Solar BeesÓ were installed in reservoirs, and intake hoses were set at depths at the base of the photic zone, usually just above the thermocline.…”

Section: Solar-powered Water Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial mixing to control cyanobacterial blooms: a review

et al. 2015

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Artificial mixing has been used as a measure to prevent the growth of cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs for many years. In this paper, we give an overview of studies that report on the results of this remedy. Generally, artificial mixing causes an increase in the oxygen content of the water, an increase in the temperature in the deep layers but a decrease in the upper layers, while the standing crop of phytoplankton (i.e. the chlorophyll content per m 2 ) often increases partly due to an increase in nutrients entrained from the hypolimnion or resuspended from the sediments. A change in composition from cyanobacterial dominance to green algae and diatoms can be observed if the imposed mixing is strong enough to keep the cyanobacteria entrained in the turbulent flow, the mixing is deep enough to limit light availability and the mixing devices are well distributed horizontally over the lake. Both models and experimental studies show that if phytoplankton is entrained in the turbulent flow and redistributed vertically over the entire depth, green algae and diatoms win the competition over (colonial) cyanobacteria due to a higher growth rate and reduced sedimentation losses. The advantage of buoyant cyanobacteria to float up to the illuminated upper layers is eradicated in a wellmixed system.

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Section: Solar-powered Water Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial mixing to control cyanobacterial blooms: a review

et al. 2015

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“…The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated the ability of solar-powered circulation technology (SPC;Hudnell 2010a, b;Hudnell et al 2010) to replace gridpowered aeration at four WWTPs (EPA 2005). SPC creates long distance circulation of the water column between the surface and the depth at which the radial intake hose is set .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving wastewater mixing and oxygenation efficiency with solar-powered circulation

Hudnell

Vien

Butler

et al. 2011

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Electrical grid-powered aeration is used in most pond-based systems and equalization basins at activated sludge wastewater treatment plants to provide the mixing and oxygenation that enables bacteria to digest organicmatter. Oxygen also is needed in the near-surface water of all ponds and basins to provide an ''odor cap'' by oxidizing malodorous sulfur compounds, preventing their release to air. Much more aeration typically is needed to mix than oxygenate the wastewater. This imbalance causes an operational inefficiency in that grid-power is used to supply more oxygen than needed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that the use of solar-powered circulation (SPC) technology reduces the need to aerate, operational costs, and greenhouse gas emissions associated with electrical power generation. However, the Agency did not quantify electrical, water quality, or other parameters. The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services directed a 3-site study to quantify the ability of SPC to replace some or all aeration while maintaining good effluent water quality. Water quantity and quality, odor event, and kilowatt-hour consumption and expenditure data were collected 1 year prior to, and 2 years during, SPC treatment at pond-based treatment plants in Pittsfield and Exeter, and at the activated sludge treatment plant in Rochester. Final effluent water quality was maintained, no effluent violations or odor events occurred, and sludge buildup was minimal during the SPC study period. Electricity usage and costs declined by about 38% in Pittsfield and Exeter, and by about 87% in Rochester, resulting in carbon dioxide emission reductions of 273,161, 918,183, and 1,082,509 kg, respectively. Payback periods ranged from 1.9 to 3.7 years. SPC improved operational efficiency at the plants by reducing grid-power consumption while operational objectives were met. The 25-year expected lifetime of SPC units with minimal maintenance requirements indicated long-term reductions in operational expenses and greenhouse gas emissions.

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“…In these case studies, once SPC was deployed, copper sulfate use, FHABs and taste and odor problems were all reduced. It is important to note that SPC has been less successful in controlling FHABs in shallow aquaculture ponds, shallow ponds with short water residence times and lakes where SPC was only partly deployed [46]. Overall, though, case studies indicate that SPC can be effective at reducing cyanobacteria and taste and odor problems in an economical and sustainable way.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also are relatively economical as they have about a two to four year payback period [44]. SPC has been studied in whole lake experiments and it has proven more successful than copper sulfate at inhibiting algal growth [46]. In these case studies, once SPC was deployed, copper sulfate use, FHABs and taste and odor problems were all reduced.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management of Eutrophic Lakes and Reservoirs

Wagner¹,

Erickson²

2017

JEP

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Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs is a major water quality problem that poses significant environmental, economic and social threats around the world. Monitoring and managing lakes and reservoirs to prevent or limit eutrophication, therefore, has significant value. The literature has been reviewed to study ecological engineering and management methods that have been and can be applied to improve water quality. Ecological engineering has the potential to be utilized to improve the design and operation of lakes and reservoirs through monitoring and active management of biological, chemical and physical components. Phosphorus concentrations can be reduced by effective and sustainable management practices to improve water quality.

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Freshwater harmful algal bloom (FHAB) suppression with solar powered circulation (SPC)

Cited by 61 publications

References 40 publications

Artificial mixing to control cyanobacterial blooms: a review

Artificial mixing to control cyanobacterial blooms: a review

Improving wastewater mixing and oxygenation efficiency with solar-powered circulation

Sustainable Management of Eutrophic Lakes and Reservoirs

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