Freshwater to saltwater toxicity extrapolation using species sensitivity distributions

Wheeler, James R.; Leung, Kenneth M.Y.; Morritt, David; Sorokin, N. D.; Rogers, H.R.; Toy, Robin J.; Holt, Martin; Whitehouse, Paul; Crane, Mark

doi:10.1002/etc.5620211127

Cited by 111 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results for chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, lindan and malathion are given in the last columns of Table 20 and indicate a similar picture as [2] and [119,124] for the same pesticides except malation. The actual HC5 values depend very much on the underlying toxicity data used and the assumed distribution and regression technique applied, which varied between all three assessments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This number is higher than the number used by Wheeler et al [2] and Maltby et al [124] who both used a minimum of 6. De Zwart [1], however, stated that the reliability of SSDs strongly depends on the number of underlying species data and the variety of species for which data are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Wheeler et al [2] developed SSDs for pesticides based on data extracted from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency AQUIRE aquatic toxicology database (http://www.epa.gov/ecotox/). They focussed on medium lethal data (LC50) and compared freshwater and saltwater species with SSDs for seven pesticides based on the HC5 (Table 20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most available ecotoxicological data on pesticides arrive from aquatic freshwater species [1], [2]. For marine and estuarine species these data are generally scarce and therefore do not allow risk assessment for the marine and estuarine environment with the level of certainty of that for the freshwater environment [2].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For marine and estuarine species these data are generally scarce and therefore do not allow risk assessment for the marine and estuarine environment with the level of certainty of that for the freshwater environment [2]. A general strategy to assess the risk of pesticides for these saltwater environments is to apply safety factors to the risk level which is calculated based on freshwater organisms [2].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Literature review on the sensitivity and exposure of marine and estuarine organisms to pesticides in comparison to corresponding fresh water species

Klok

Vries

Jongbloed

et al. 2012

EFSA Supporting Publications

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To compare the sensitivity and exposure of marine and estuarine species (further noted as saltwater) to pesticides to those of freshwater species we searched the peer reviewed literature. Relevant literature references were assembled in two EndNote libraries, one on saltwater species, and one on freshwater species, comprising a total of 3627 references. Based on an extensive toxicity database and the EndNote libraries we developed Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) to assess differences in sensitivity. Furthermore we compared the toxicity (L(E)C50) of all pesticides for which more than two species were tested both for salt and freshwater. To assess differences in exposure we compared literature on pesticide level and persistence.The results on sensitivity indicated that there is no systematic difference in sensitivity to pesticides between fresh and saltwater species. For some pesticides either saltwater or freshwater organisms may be more sensitive. We found such an effect for trifluralin (saltwater species more sensitive) and parathion and HEOD (freshwater species more sensitive). Also, comparison within taxonomic groups showed no systematic difference of saltwater compared to freshwater species. When comparing all available species data within taxonomic groups, some saltwater groups showed higher sensitivity to specific pesticides compared to their freshwater representatives, e.g. saltwater molluscs were more sensitive to methoxychlor compared to freshwater molluscs. Whereas, freshwater arthropoda were more sensitive than saltwater anthropoda for copper sulphate and parathion.The results on exposure show that pesticides tend to have higher levels in surface water of freshwater compared to the saltwater environments. Such inference could not be made for sediments since the amount of available data was limited. However, based on general insights in persistence and absorption capacity there seems to be a strong indication that very persistent pesticides with a very high absorption capacity (e.g. DDT) tend to accumulate in saltwater sediments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Literature review on the sensitivity and exposure of marine and estuarine organisms to pesticides in comparison to corresponding fresh water species

Klok

Vries

Jongbloed

et al. 2012

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Aquatic Toxicology: Concepts, Practice, New Directions

Wells

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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This chapter presents a broad overview of the principles, practice and some of the new developments in aquatic toxicology. The field has matured rapidly over the past 30‐40 years. Many acute and chronic toxicity testing methods have been developed and standardized for application in environmental protection. Basic research has been conducted with many species across the aquatic phyla, with a wide range of contaminants. Critical linkages have been made to other aquatic disciplines ensuring that a comprehensive understanding of exposure, uptake, metabolism and discharge of chemicals, in many aquatic species under many conditions, is fully realized. New issues, such as the effects of pharmaceuticals, are being investigated with urgency. Aquatic toxicology is now supported in many countries by a wide range of research programmes, graduate programmes, training courses and publications, assuring its place in basic and applied toxicology.

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Mixed phylogenetic signal in fish toxicity data across chemical classes

Hylton

Chiari

Capellini

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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Chemical use in society is growing rapidly and is one of the five major pressures on biodiversity worldwide. Since empirical toxicity studies of pollutants generally focus on a handful of model organisms, reliable approaches are needed to assess sensitivity to chemicals across the wide variety of species in the environment. Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) offer a promising approach for toxicity extrapolation incorporating known evolutionary relationships among species. If phylogenetic signal in toxicity data is high, i.e., closely related species are more similarly sensitive as compared to distantly related species, PCM could ultimately help predict species sensitivity when toxicity data are lacking. Here, we present the largest ever test of phylogenetic signal in toxicity data by combining phylogenetic data from fish with acute mortality data for 42 chemicals spanning 10 different chemical classes. Phylogenetic signal is high for some chemicals, particularly organophosphate pesticides, but not necessarily for many chemicals in other classes (e.g., metals, organochlorines). These results demonstrate that PCM may be useful for toxicity extrapolation in untested species for those chemicals with clear phylogenetic signal. This study provides a framework for using PCM to understand the patterns and causes of variation in species sensitivity to pollutants.

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Freshwater to saltwater toxicity extrapolation using species sensitivity distributions

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

Literature review on the sensitivity and exposure of marine and estuarine organisms to pesticides in comparison to corresponding fresh water species

Literature review on the sensitivity and exposure of marine and estuarine organisms to pesticides in comparison to corresponding fresh water species

Aquatic Toxicology: Concepts, Practice, New Directions

Mixed phylogenetic signal in fish toxicity data across chemical classes

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