Friction correction when predicting wood basic density using drilling resistance

Gendvilas, Vilius; Downes, Geoffrey M.; Neyland, Mark G.; Hunt, Mark; Jacobs, Andrew; O’Reilly-Wapstra, Julianne M.

doi:10.1515/hf-2020-0156

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It can be associated with the difference in the wood drilling conditions, because the wood chips come out from the hole more easily at the beginning of the drilling process. This effect was previously observed by Sharapov and Chernov (2014) and Gendvilas et al (2020), while drilling some wood species and limits the evaluation of veneer and glue layers in LVL by DR. It is assumed that it may depend on the drill bit rotational frequency, the feed rate and the wood MC.…”

Section: Relationship Between Dr and X-ray Densitymentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Low DR and FR data at the beginning of the drilling are more related to the friction forces occurring on the tip and the cutting edges of the drill bit and to easier chip removal. Moreover, DR and FR do not drop down to zero when the drill bit cutting part exits the specimen because of the shaft friction (Nutto and Biechele 2015;Sharapov et al 2017;Oliveira et al 2017;Gendvilas at al. 2020).…”

Section: Drilling Resistance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that it may depend on the drill bit rotational frequency, the feed rate and the wood MC. Actual DR and FR profiles can be adjusted following the idea of subtracting the drill bit shaft friction (Nutto and Biechele 2015;Sharapov et al 2017;Gendvilas et al 2020). Calculating the mean profile values of the DR or the FR decreases the significance of this effect for the wood and LVL properties prediction.…”

Section: Relationship Between Dr and X-ray Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements

et al. 2021

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Improving the properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) through wood modification expands its usage as building material, especially for outdoor applications. The outdoor performance of LVL products needs to be tested against different biotic agents, and methods are needed for testing and evaluating their effect on the structural integrity of LVL. In this study, drilling resistance (DR) measurements were used to quantify the effect of fungal decay in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL caused by white rot fungi. Material specific peculiarities and their effect on the evaluation method were studied such as the effect of drill bit blunting, moisture content (MC), drilling direction and PF resin content on the DR of PF-modified LVL. The drilling direction in relation to veneer and glue layers had a significant effect on DR and feeding resistance (FR). The PF resin treatment increased the DR. Feeding resistance was found more sensitive to the blunting of the drill bit than DR. The effect of MC on DR and FR was found to be insignificant. The effect of PF resin content on the prediction of mass loss (ML) by DR became prominent only for ML by white rot decay below 10 %. Correlations between DR, ML due to fungal decay and weight percent gain were established and described with a two-factor regression model. The drill bit feed rate of 0.5 m min −1 and the rotational frequency of 3500 min −1 as well as the transversal drilling in relation to the veneer (glue) layers were recommended for the assessment of beech LVL treated with PF resin. The DR measurements showed high potential as a fast standard evaluation method for decay and strength loss of LVL products.

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Section: Relationship Between Dr and X-ray Densitymentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Drilling Resistance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Dr and X-ray Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements

et al. 2021

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“…The use of the drilling resistance method, which uses a thin needle to penetrate the wood of standing trees (da Silva et al 2020;Balasso et al 2021;Li et al 2022), can be an opportunity to assess the wood basic density (Gao et al 2017;Fundova et al 2018;Nickolas et al 2020). The drilling resistance value is a unit that serves as an indicator of the basic wood density (Isik and Li 2003;Bouffier et al 2008;Karlinasari et al 2017;Gendvilas et al 2021;Vlad et al 2022). Few studies have been conducted on the use of drilling resistance for evaluating standing trees in plantation forests (Vlad et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive modeling using a drilling resistance tool to predict wood basic density of standing trees in a eucalypts plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2023

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Abstract. Singh KP, Siregar IZ, Abad JIM, Karlinasari L. 2022. Non-destructive modeling using a drilling resistance tool to predict wood basic density of standing trees in a eucalypts plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6218-6226. Eucalypts are globally selected as the main tree species for pulp and paper industries owing to their good potential growth and wood traits. Wood basic density, which is related to wood biomass yield, is one of the most important wood traits for pulp production and has become a focus in the tree improvement program. Evaluation of this trait in the field is needed to efficiently develop tree improvement programs. The aims of this study were to determine the distribution of basic density in the vertical direction of standing trees, including Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid (commonly called “urograndis”), and to develop a model for predicting wood basic density using micro-drilling resistance tools of ResistographÒ. The results showed that basic density traits varied within individual trees and within and between species. Average whole tree basic wood densities of 379.9 kg/m3, 400.5 kg/m3, and 440.6 kg/m3 were found for E. grandis, hybrid urograndis, and E. urophylla at 44 months old, respectively. The model developed had a good correlation for predicting wood basic density at 1.3 m height and whole tree basic density, with the R2 for model calibration ranging from 0.52 to 0.76 for 1.3 m wood basic density prediction and from 0.62 to 0.79 for whole tree wood basic density. This study found that the three species of eucalyptus could be used to create a combined model for predicting wood basic density that could be used for each individual species. The model for single and multiple species had a good validation with R2 from 0.51 to 0.72.

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“…Although initially developed to detect internal defects in trees, poles and structural timber [50][51][52], this technique has also been used to evaluate basic density, for example, in standing eucalypts [53,54] and Pinus radiata [55], and also to evaluate radial variation [55,56]. In E. nitens, drilling resistance was able to explain 62% to 92% of the variance in basic density [53,57,58]. Calibration and post-processing of drilling resistance data are needed to obtain basic density values [53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinning Influences Wood Properties of Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens at Three Sites in Tasmania

Gendvilas

Downes

Neyland

et al. 2021

Forests

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Thinning of forestry plantations is a common silviculture practice to increase growth rates and to produce larger dimension logs. The wood properties, basic density and stiffness, are key indicators of the suitability of timber for particular purposes and ultimately determine timber value. The impact of thinning operations on wood properties is, therefore, of considerable interest to forest growers and timber producers. To date, studies examining the impact of thinning on wood properties have produced variable results and understanding of the consistency of the effects of thinning treatments across various sites for important plantation species is limited. Two non-destructive assessment techniques, drilling resistance and acoustic wave velocity, were used to examine the impact of thinning on basic density and stiffness in 19–21-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus nitens across three sites. Commercial thinning to 300 trees ha−1 decreased the stiffness of standing trees and this effect was consistent across the sites. Reduction in stiffness due to thinning ranged from 3.5% to 11.5%. There was no difference in wood properties between commercially and non-commercially thinned trees to 300 trees ha−1 and no difference in wood properties when thinned to 500 trees ha−1. Basic density was not affected by thinning. The site had significant effects on both basic density and stiffness, which were lowest at the highest precipitation and highest elevation site. The results indicate that wood properties are influenced both by silviculture and site environmental differences. This knowledge can be used for the better management of E. nitens resources for solid wood production.

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Friction correction when predicting wood basic density using drilling resistance

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements

Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements

Non-destructive modeling using a drilling resistance tool to predict wood basic density of standing trees in a eucalypts plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Thinning Influences Wood Properties of Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens at Three Sites in Tasmania

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