Friction resonance in commensurate and incommensurate states

Coupling Effect of Structural Lubrication and Thermal Excitation on Phononic Friction

“…Friction energy dissipation channels formed at this point allow the vibrational kinetic energy to be efficiently transferred from the tip to substrate, leading to increased energy dissipation and subsequently higher friction. 61 However, under incommensurate contact in Figure 7b−d, it can be observed that there exists a disparity between washboard frequencies exhibited by the tip and substrate. As a result, no effective channels for energy dissipation can be established, consequently leading to a low friction.…”

“…Consequently, the phonon mean free range is reduced, resulting in a greater conversion of kinetic energy into disordered thermal motion and increased dissipation of frictional energy, and promotes more inelastic collisions between the tip and substratecontacting surfaces, thereby further increasing interlayer friction, named thermal collision effect. 52,60,61 For the critical rotation angle of 10°, the barrier height is positioned at an intermediate level between the barrier heights of below 10°and those exceeding 10°as shown in Figure 4, while they maintain an identical amplitude of atomic vibration in Figure 5. The competition between thermal lubrication and thermal collision is relatively in a state of equilibrium.…”

“…The amplitude of temperature-induced atomic vibrations does not change as shown in Figure , which not only aids in crossing the potential barrier but also leads to an enhanced intensity of noncontact collisions between interlayer atoms. Consequently, the phonon mean free range is reduced, resulting in a greater conversion of kinetic energy into disordered thermal motion and increased dissipation of frictional energy, and promotes more inelastic collisions between the tip and substrate-contacting surfaces, thereby further increasing interlayer friction, named thermal collision effect. ,, …”

Phonon energy dissipation in friction between black phosphorus layers

“…Because friction work is ultimately converted to heat, friction is actually a process of energy dissipation [50,52]. In our friction system, all the energy of the frictional interface is absorbed by the thermostat.…”

“…Since the phonons excited by the ambient temperature may mask the relevant phonon information generated by friction [52], the phonon number calculated in figure 7 are obtained at the temperature of 0 K. This prevents tangling of hot phonons with the frictional excited phonons. Since the potential energy period lengths of both substrate and tip are a, as shown in figure 6, the washboard frequency of the substrate is identical to that of the tip, i.e.…”