Friction Stir Spot Brazing of Low Carbon to Galvanized Steel

Azizieh, M.; Shoeibi, R.; Tahmasebi, Mehdi; Mashtizadeh, Amirreza; Dezfuli, M. A. G.

doi:10.1007/s12666-019-01690-4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It was concluded that the thickness of IMCs layers reduces as the rotational speed improves from 850 to 1150 r/min, and then the thickness increases as the rotational speed increases to 1300 r/min. The relationship between heat input and thickness of the interface joint was investigated by Azizieh et al 61 during the friction stir spot brazing of galvanized steel to low-carbon sheets. It was shown that there is a direct relationship between heat input and thickness of the joint interface due to high zinc molten formation and high diffusion of atomic iron toward this molten phase.…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in simulation and experimental study on intermetallic formation and thermomechanical evolution of Al–Cu composite with Zn interlayer: Effect of spot pass and shoulder diameter during the pinless friction stir spot welding process

Abdollah-zadeh

Bagheri

Vaneghi

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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In this study, the pinless friction stir spot welding of aluminum–copper composite with Zn interlayer was analyzed under experimental measurement and finite element method. The role of shoulder diameter, 16, 18, and 20 mm, and the number of spot pass, one to three pass, on microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal history of weld samples were investigated. Based on the obtained results, there is a good agreement between numerical data and experimental analyses. It was shown that the heat source, due to plastic deformation and friction, increased as the shoulder diameter was increased, whereas the stress distribution in the weld samples was reduced. In addition, the thickness of the Zn interlayer at the joint interface changes when shoulder size increases from 16 to 20 mm, due to high temperature and intermixing between materials. From the microstructure analysis, the grain size in the joint zone gradually decreases as the spot pass increases from 1 to 3. It was concluded that the shoulder diameter of 16 mm with three spot passes showed the best result of 7.45 kN. Depending on X-ray diffraction analyses of the fracture surfaces, three primarily intermetallic phases including the Al2Cu, CuZn5, and CuZn2 were determined in the weld interfaces. Based on finite element method analysis, the axial compressive stresses showed the lowest profile as the shoulder diameter of the tool is 16 mm. Finally, the ductile fracture was detected as the main fracture mechanism for the joint sample with optimal joining conditions.

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Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in simulation and experimental study on intermetallic formation and thermomechanical evolution of Al–Cu composite with Zn interlayer: Effect of spot pass and shoulder diameter during the pinless friction stir spot welding process

Abdollah-zadeh

Bagheri

Vaneghi

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was found that the thickness of IMCs layers reduces as the rotational speed improves from 850 to 1150 rpm, and then the thickness increases as the rotational speed increases to 1300 rpm. The relationship between heat input and thickness of interface joint was investigated by Azizieh et al [49] during the friction stir spot brazing of galvanized steel to low carbon sheets. It was shown that there is a direct relationship between input heat and thickness of joint interface due to high zinc molten formation and high diffusion of atomic iron toward this molten phase.…”

Section: Interlayer Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

FEM Analysis and Verification of Pinless Friction Stir Spot Welding of Cu and Al with Zn Interlayer: Effect of Shoulder Diameter and Spot Pass

Abdollah-zadeh

Bagheri²,

Vaneghi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A three-dimensional model for the pinless friction stir spot welding (P-FSSW) of copper-aluminum alloy with zinc interlayer was developed by the ABAQUS/Explicit. The distribution of temperature and stress at the joint zone, at three different shoulder diameters (including 16, 18, and 20 mm) and spot pass-number (including 1 to 3 pass), were simulated and verified by experimental measurements. Microstructural characteristics of the joint interfaces and phase evolution were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The numerical and experimental results showed a good agreement and it was found that with increasing shoulder diameter, heat generation by friction and plastic deformation was improved, while the stress was decreased. Mechanical measurements indicated that the best result of 7.45 kN was achieved for a shoulder diameter of 16 mm and three spot pass. From XRD analyses of the fracture surfaces, the Al2Cu, CuZn5, and CuZn2 intermetallic phases were detected in the joint interfaces. The simulation results showed that the axial compressive stresses experience the lowest values when the shoulder diameter is 16 mm. The fracture surface analysis showed the ductile fracture for weld sample joined under optimal welding condition namely shoulder diameter of 16 mm after three spot pass.

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“…In this process, the friction between the rotational tool and the base metal produces sufficient thermal energy to weld the materials together [12]. The joint is formed through intermolecular diffusion occurring between the metals [13,14]. Friction welding and friction brazing are used to join similar materials but are now being applied to join dissimilar and incompatible materials such as stainless steel to titanium, aluminum to titanium, and ceramic to materials [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction spot brazing of stainless steel to titanium (grade 1) using aluminum foil

Mashtizadeh

Azizieh

2022

Mater. Res. Express

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This paper demonstrates a simple and effective technique for friction spot brazing of stainless steel (st37) to titanium (grade 1). We use aluminum foil as a filler that is placed between the base metals. We evaluate the joints when using different rotational speeds: 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, and 2800 RPM. We characterize the joint using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, the microhardness of cross-sections, and fractography. We found that the strongest tensile strength joint (6 kN) comes from friction spot brazing at 2000 RPM. The joint interface of the 2000~RPM sample contains intermetallic compounds such as FeTi, Fe3Al, FeAl2, and Ti3Al, which increases the tensile strength.

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Friction Stir Spot Brazing of Low Carbon to Galvanized Steel

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Advances in simulation and experimental study on intermetallic formation and thermomechanical evolution of Al–Cu composite with Zn interlayer: Effect of spot pass and shoulder diameter during the pinless friction stir spot welding process

Advances in simulation and experimental study on intermetallic formation and thermomechanical evolution of Al–Cu composite with Zn interlayer: Effect of spot pass and shoulder diameter during the pinless friction stir spot welding process

FEM Analysis and Verification of Pinless Friction Stir Spot Welding of Cu and Al with Zn Interlayer: Effect of Shoulder Diameter and Spot Pass

Friction spot brazing of stainless steel to titanium (grade 1) using aluminum foil

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