Friction Stir Welding Of 321Stainless Steel Plates by Tungsten Lanthanum Tool and Its Joint Analyses

Johnson, Pradeep; Murugan, N.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.687

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, joints welded at 600 rpm showed failure during the tension test in the HAZ. Johnson et al [89,90] investigated the weldability of AISI 321 stainless steel sheets (3 mm thick) via FSW. Table 3 shows the AISI 321 steel chemical composition.…”

Section: Fsw Of Similar Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Solid-State Welding of Steels: Diffusion Bonding and Friction Stir Welding Processes

Khedr

Hamada

Järvenpää

et al. 2022

Metals

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Solid-state welding (SSW) is a relatively new technique, and ongoing research is being performed to fulfill new design demands, deal with contemporary material advancements, and overcome welding defects associated with traditional welding techniques. This work provides an in-depth examination of the advancements in the solid-state welding of steels through diffusion bonding (DB) and friction stir welding (FSW). Considerable attention was given to DB of steel, which overcame the difficulties of segregation, cracking, and distortion stresses that are usually formed in liquid-phase welding techniques. The defects that affected DB included two types: two-dimensional defects of a metallic lattice, i.e., phases and grain boundaries, and three-dimensional defects, i.e., precipitation. FSW, on the other hand, was distinguishable by the use of relatively low heat input when compared to fusion welding processes such as tungsten inert gas (TIG), resulting in the formation of a limited heat-affected zone. Moreover, fine grain structures were formed in the FSW interface because of the stirring tool’s severe plastic deformation, which positively affected the strength, ductility, and toughness of the FSW joints. For instance, higher strength and ductility were reported in joints produced by FSW than in those produced by TIG. Nevertheless, the HAZ width of the specimens welded by FSW was approximately half the value of the HAZ width of the specimens welded by TIG. Some defects associated with FSW related to the diffusion of elements, such as C/Cr atoms, through the weld zone, which affected the local chemical composition due to the formation of rich/depleted regions of the diffused atoms. Moreover, the lack-of-fill defect may exist when inappropriate welding conditions are implemented. On the other hand, the stirring tool was subjected to extensive wear because of the high hardness values, which negatively affected the economical usage of the FSW process. A summary of the results is presented, along with recommendations for future studies aimed at addressing existing difficulties and advancing the solid-state technology for steel.

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Section: Fsw Of Similar Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Solid-State Welding of Steels: Diffusion Bonding and Friction Stir Welding Processes

Khedr

Hamada

Järvenpää

et al. 2022

Metals

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“…AISI 321 stainless steel contains 0.44% Ti to stabilize C, which reduces intergranular precipitates such as M23C6. This steel therefore has excellent intergranular corrosion resistance [1,2]. In addition, it has outstanding oxidation resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a candidate structural material for the low-pressure system of the fourth-generation sodium-cooled fast neutron reactor, it is mainly used for components such as reactor vessels, primary loop sodium-sodium reaction heat exchangers, and primary and secondary loop main pipelines [3]. There are many reports concerning the hot stability and mechanical properties [4,5], resistance to intergranular corrosion [2], surface processing properties [6], and welding properties of 321 stainless steel [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Deformation Behaviors of as Cast 321 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Zhao

Ren

Wang

et al. 2021

Metals

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AISI 321 stainless steel has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion and is generally used in nuclear power reactor vessels and other components. The as-cast and wrought structures are quite different in hot workability, so physical simulation, electron back-scatter diffraction, and hot processing maps were used to study the mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of as-cast nuclear grade 321 stainless steel in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1. The results showed that the flow curve presented work-hardening characteristics. The activation energy was calculated as 478 kJ/mol. The fraction of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) increased with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. DRX grain size decreased with increasing Z value. Combining the hot working map and DRX state map, the suggested hot working window was 1000–1200 °C and 0.01–0.1 s−1. The main form of instability was necklace DRX. The nucleation mechanism of DRX was the migration of subgrains. The δ phase reduced the activation energy and promoted DRX nucleation of the tested steel.

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Friction Stir Welding Of 321Stainless Steel Plates by Tungsten Lanthanum Tool and Its Joint Analyses

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Review on the Solid-State Welding of Steels: Diffusion Bonding and Friction Stir Welding Processes

Review on the Solid-State Welding of Steels: Diffusion Bonding and Friction Stir Welding Processes

Hot Deformation Behaviors of as Cast 321 Austenitic Stainless Steel

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