Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Approach Based on Both Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis

Boukraa, Moustafa; Chekifi, Tawfiq; Lebaal, Nadhir

doi:10.1007/s40799-022-00573-6

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The theory of multiple components employing GRA (i.e., grey relation analysis) was put forward by Dang for the purpose of optimizing the parameters of a process whenever an insufficient data or evident was identified [19,20]. In the models based on GRA, the interrelationship amidst the components in a system was calculated and then quantified with the outcomes of the experiment together with a relational based system of grade for distinctive distribution.…”

Section: Gra-pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of parameters and formulation of numerical model employing GRA–PCA and RSM approach for friction stir welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints

Babu S D

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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In this work, an endeavor was made to determine the impact of the tool’s shoulder diameter, pin profile, rotational and traverse speeds on the mechanical properties of the friction stir welded namely Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints. A total of 21 experiments were carried out based on the central composite design (CCD) concept of response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic regression based numerical model was formulated to ascertain the relationship amidst the parameters of FSW process and the mechanical properties of the fabricated Ti alloy joints. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to confirm the importance of parameters and their interactive impacts. Optimized process parameter combinations were ascertained by grey relation based analysis (GRA) was coupled together with principal component analysis (PCA), a hybrid based approach. Single score of GRG based response was determined and GRG scores were ranked for all experiments. 1st rank was attained by the experiment no. 20 possessing a GRG score of 2.9989. Optimized values of 25mm shoulder diameter having a taper cylindrical pin geometry employed at a tool traverse speed of 40 mm/min, rotational speed of 1400 rpm resulted in the generation of flaw free Ti alloy joint possessing a largest tensile strength of 809.8 MPa, yield strength of 778.7 MPa and percentage of elongation of 6.9%. SEM based fractography ofTi alloy joint specimens announced that taper cylindrical pin geometry along with 25m shoulder diameter of employed tool have an inevitable part in generating frictional heat in ideal volumes and a perfect stirring action during FSW process.

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Section: Gra-pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of parameters and formulation of numerical model employing GRA–PCA and RSM approach for friction stir welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints

Babu S D

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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“…GRA is a method for calculating the degree of correlation within sequences and combining several output responses into a single output response by applying a GRG to each output response [ 38 , 39 ]. Researchers [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] used GRA to optimize grey-based Taguchi analysis (GTA) welding process variables for the multi-objective response by GRG. Taguchi’s GRA multi-objective optimization approach was used in this study to optimize gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) characteristics of various AA6061 and AA2014 alloys.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grey Relational Analysis and Grey Prediction Model (1, 6) Approach for Analyzing the Electrode Distance and Mechanical Properties of Tandem MIG Welding Distortion

et al. 2023

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The tandem metal inert gas (MIG) process uses two wires that are continuously fed through a special welding torch and disbursed to form a single molten pool. Within the contact tip of the modern approach, the wires are electrically insulated from one another. This study identified the effect of welding electrode spacing on the distortion of AA5052 aluminum plates and different mechanical properties including hardness and thermal cycle using grey relational analysis. Plate distortion was subsequently predicted using the grey prediction model GM (1, 6). This research used a pair of 400 mm × 75 mm × 5 mm of AA5052 plates and electrode distances of 18, 27, and 36 mm. The welding current, voltage, welding speed, and argon flow rate were 130 A, 23 V, 7 mm/s, and 17 L/min, respectively. The temperature was measured using a type-K thermocouple at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm from the center of the weld bead. The smallest distortion at an electrode distance of 27 mm was 1.4 mm. At an electrode distance of 27 mm, the plate may reach a proper peak temperature where the amount of heat input and dissipation rate are similar to those for electrode distances of 18 mm and 36 mm. The highest relative VHN of 57 was found in the BM, while the lowest, 46, was found in the WM, showing good agreement with their respective grain sizes. Six parameters were designed using grey relational analysis (GRA) and subsequently employed in the grey prediction model GM (1, 6). Process evaluation results show that predictions for welding distortions are consistent with actual results, thus, the GM (1, 6) model can be used as a predictive model for welding distortions of 5052 aluminum plates.

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“…• Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) It is based on the assumption that a system is uncertain and that information about the system is insufficient to construct a relational analysis or build a model to characterize the system [29], [30]. The steps for CODAS are described below.…”

Section: • Complex Proportional Assessment (Copras)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Methodological Proposal for Decision-Making in Decentralized Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Information Exchange Between SU

Giral-Ramírez,

Hernández-Suarez,

Parra

2023

IEEE Access

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Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) is a technology that avoids inefficient spectrum allocation and ensures efficient spectrum use. So, four processes are implemented: detection, analysis, decisionmaking, access and adaptation. Despite the relevance of decision-making, it has not been explored to the same extent as the other processes. In CRNs, the decision-making process is developed according to the network architecture: centralized, distributed, and decentralized. Decentralized Cognitive Radio Networks (DCRN) are a hybrid model that uses the advantages of centralized and distributed networks simultaneously. Decentralized architectures have the infrastructure and are easy to implement. This decentralized approach is chiefly efficient for large networks and is considered the best option for public safety networks and social networking services. In order to address the challenges associated with DCRN decision-making and contribute to the development of more effective approaches, this paper proposes a novel methodology for DCRN decision-making. A simulation environment for DCRN based on actual spectral occupancy data is developed, the performance of three Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques (MCDM) in such a simulation environment is analyzed, and an information-sharing strategy between users is proposed. In order to assess the performance, two QoS metrics were used: the cumulative number of handoffs and the cumulative number of failed handoffs. The results obtained display a balance in which all users benefit. Although not all users get the maximum gain, all users contribute to reducing the number of channel changes and decreasing interference with other users.

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Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Approach Based on Both Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Optimization of parameters and formulation of numerical model employing GRA–PCA and RSM approach for friction stir welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints

Optimization of parameters and formulation of numerical model employing GRA–PCA and RSM approach for friction stir welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints

Grey Relational Analysis and Grey Prediction Model (1, 6) Approach for Analyzing the Electrode Distance and Mechanical Properties of Tandem MIG Welding Distortion

Novel Methodological Proposal for Decision-Making in Decentralized Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Information Exchange Between SU

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