Friction stir welding of industrial grade AISI 316L and P91 steel pipes: A comparative investigation based on mechanical and metallurgical properties

Gain, Suresh; Das, Suman Kalyan; Acharyya, S. K.; Sanyal, Debarshi Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2022.104865

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The Scree plot visually indicates a break separating PC with higher Eigenvalues. The weights of principal components are determined using equations (13) to (15).…”

Section: Calculation Of Weights-principal Component Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Process parameters settings of friction stir welding using multi-response optimization for aluminum alloys

Pandav,

Patil,

Pandipati

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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The defense and aerospace industries utilize the AA2050, an aluminum-lithium alloy of the third generation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) are utilized in this study to enhance the process constraints for friction stir welding (FSW). The quality of the weld can be influenced by various process factors such as the speed at which the weld is traversed, the speed at which the tool is rotated, the angle at which the tool is tilted, the diameter of the shoulder, and the shape of the tool pin. The combination of PCA and the well-known Taguchi-GRA approach enables the objective estimation of response weights. Here, a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was designed, and sixteen tests were carried out using it. These experiments were conducted with various assessments including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness of the weld zone, bending load, etc. Through the utilization of Taguchi-GRA-PCA analysis, the most suitable process parameters were identified as a traverse speed (TS) of 160 mm/min, a rotating speed (RS) of 900 rpm, a tilt angle (TA) of 2 degrees, a shoulder diameter (SD) of 16 mm, and with a straight square tool pin profile (TPP). ANOVA revealed the relevance of all five characteristics, with rotational speed being the most influential, accounting for 43.56% of the entire result. A confirmation experiment done under ideal conditions revealed a significant improvement in total weld quality of 19.06%.

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“…The Scree plot visually indicates a break separating PC with higher Eigenvalues. The weights of principal components are determined using equations (13) to (15).…”

Section: Calculation Of Weights-principal Component Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Process parameters settings of friction stir welding using multi-response optimization for aluminum alloys

Pandav,

Patil,

Pandipati

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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“…The results showed a strong correlation between experimental tests and the suggested mathematical model, validating the effectiveness of the optimization approach. In another research [17], a comprehensive investigation was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) on industrial-grade steel pipes made of AISI316L and P91 materials. The findings indicated that FSW can produce high-quality joints in both materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material selection for milling fixture of friction stir welding using simulia

Pandav,

Patil,

Pandipati

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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Friction stir welding is an innovative welding technique that joins two different materialswithout the need for consumables. The process involves a profiled probe and shoulder toolthat is rotated and plunged between the two workpieces at the interface during the friction stirprocess. The weld zone undergoes dynamic recrystallization, resulting in a strong bondbetween the materials. This method offers superior bonding compared to traditional arcwelding. In the context of conventional or non-traditional milling machines, friction stirwelding is performed. It is necessary to use a milling fixture to attach the plates that need tobe butt and lap welded, fixture can be used in underwater FSW. To ensure the workpiece issecurely held in place, a fixture or holder is necessary. In this article, friction-stir welding,and a fixture with a clamping setup are constructed. The fixture is carefully designed toconsider the movement of the instrument and workpiece, and it is manufactured usingCatiaV6 3D experience software. The fixture is then subjected to three different types oftesting using Simulia software. The materials tested include cast iron, die steel, and tool steel.After simulation analysis, the best material for friction-stir welding operations is selected.

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“…During the manufacturing processes of aerospace structures, all types of materials require welding and joining at the highest quality possible. Friction stir welding (FSW) has been proven to satisfy the required quality of welding different types of materials, especially those with low-softening-temperature alloys [15][16][17][18][19][20], and is relatively applied in high-softening-temperature materials such as titanium alloys [21][22][23][24][25] and steel alloys [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. This is mainly because the available tool materials can be used satisfactorily to produce very long-distance joints without any significant degradation [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

et al. 2023

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The use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process as a relatively new solid-state welding technology in the aerospace industry has pushed forward several developments in different related aspects of this strategic industry. In terms of the FSW process itself, due to the geometric limitations involved in the conventional FSW process, many variants have been required over time to suit the different types of geometries and structures, which has resulted in the development of numerous variants such as refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW), stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW), and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). In terms of FSW machines, significant development has occurred in the new design and adaptation of the existing machining equipment through the use of their structures or the new and specially designed FSW heads. In terms of the most used materials in the aerospace industry, there has been development of new high strength-to-weight ratios such as the 3rd generation aluminum–lithium alloys that have become successfully weldable by FSW with fewer welding defects and a significant improvement in the weld quality and geometric accuracy. The purpose of this article is to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the application of the FSW process to join materials used in the aerospace industry and to identify gaps in the state of the art. This work describes the fundamental techniques and tools necessary to make soundly welded joints. Typical applications of FSW processes are surveyed, including friction stir spot welding, RFSSW, SSFSW, BTFSW, and underwater FSW. Conclusions and suggestions for future development are proposed.

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Friction stir welding of industrial grade AISI 316L and P91 steel pipes: A comparative investigation based on mechanical and metallurgical properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Process parameters settings of friction stir welding using multi-response optimization for aluminum alloys

Process parameters settings of friction stir welding using multi-response optimization for aluminum alloys

Material selection for milling fixture of friction stir welding using simulia

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

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