Friction Stir Welding of Thick Plates of 4Y3Gd Mg Alloy: An Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Moiduddin, Khaja; Siddiquee, Arshad Noor; Abidi, Mustufa Haider; Mian, Syed Hammad; Mohammed, Muneer Khan

doi:10.3390/ma14226924

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Further, the material which is present ahead of the tool in the AS is transported and becomes settled behind the tool on the AS [26]. Consequently, the material in the front of the tool has to undergo large displacement, thereby causing material deficiency on the AS [27]. It is evident from the macrographs that the PZ is more spread out on the RS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Aluminium Metal Foams via Friction Stir Processing by Utilizing MgCO3 Precursor

et al. 2023

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Aluminium foams possess multi-functional properties and a low specific weight, making them one of the most suitable choices in the application domain of the automobile and aviation sectors, vibrating machining, and structural parts. Compared to traditional fabrication routes, friction stir processing (FSP) is gaining acceptance as it is a cost-effective, highly efficient, and innocuous process to fabricate the foam precursors from the bulk substrate. In the current study, FSP was utilized to develop a precursor with MgCO3 powder acting as the blowing agent. The FSP experiments were performed as per Taguchi’s L8 orthogonal array. The precursor was heat treated in an electric furnace at a holding temperature of 650 °C for 10 min. After the post-heat treatments, this precursor resulted in a porous structure due to the evolution of CO2 gas from the composite. The simultaneous effect of tool rotation speed, traverse speed, and shoulder diameter was investigated on the pore size and porosity of the foam produced. The composite parameter “unit stirring” is found to be closely related to the processed zone (PZ) and volume processing rate of the processed zone, pore size, and the degree of porosity. The highest porosity of 16.67% was obtained with an average pore size of 10.5 µm. The largest pore size, 17.8 µm, was observed to be associated with a porosity of 14.40%. The analysis of the Kiviat plot revealed that the values of the PZ area and volume processing rate possess a polar symmetry with unit stirring. The pore size and pore density were both found to be symmetrically distributed about the unit stirring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Aluminium Metal Foams via Friction Stir Processing by Utilizing MgCO3 Precursor

et al. 2023

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“…No. 2 shows a tunneling defect [39]. The existing literature suggests that a tunneling defect is usually formed at the bottom of the weld's advancing side (AS).…”

Section: Grain Morphology Analysis Using Macro and Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher value of the pseudo heat index (w 2 /v) indicates higher heat input. Due to difficulty in maintaining flow synergy across the hotter SASZ and colder PASZ, the defect is formed at this location [39].…”

Section: Grain Morphology Analysis Using Macro and Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Traverse Speed Variation on Microstructural Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded WE43 Mg Alloy Joints

et al. 2023

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The growing demand for Magnesium in the automotive and aviation industries has enticed the need to improve its corrosive properties. In this study, the WE43 magnesium alloys were friction stir welded (FSW) by varying the traverse speed. FSW eliminates defects such as liquefication cracking, expulsion, and voids in joints encountered frequently in fusion welding of magnesium alloys. The microstructural properties were scrutinized using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the elemental makeup of precipitates was studied using electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical behavior of specimens was evaluated by employing potentiodynamic polarization tests and was correlated with the microstructural properties. A defect-free weldment was obtained at a traverse and rotational speed of 100 mm/min and 710 rpm, respectively. All weldments significantly improved corrosion resistance compared to the base alloy. Moreover, a highly refined microstructure with redistribution/dissolution of precipitates was obtained. The grain size was reduced from 256 µm to around 13 µm. The corrosion resistance of the welded sample was enhanced by 22 times as compared to the base alloy. Hence, the reduction in grain size and the dissolution/distribution of secondary-phase particles within the Mg matrix are the primary factors for the enhancement of anti-corrosion properties.

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“…To address these challenges, a recent Friction Stir Processing (FSP) technique which is based on the principle of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), has proved to be very effective. FSP is also considered as an advanced technique to tailor the surface properties of base materials [7][8][9][10]. The schematic of FSP is shown in figure 1(a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of Ti-SiC reinforced AA5083 surface composites fabricated via friction stir process

Rahman

Khan

Siddiquee

et al. 2021

Mater. Res. Express

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A mixture of Titanium and silicon-carbide powders was embedded in the AA5083 matrix by Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Experiments were performed as per Taguchi L8 orthogonal array, and the effect of reinforcement on hot strength (at 100oC), processed zone (PZ) geometry, and microstructure were investigated. The effect of PZ geometry on the surface properties was also analyzed. The effect of heating the tensile test specimens to 540ºC on the strength at 100oC was also separately investigated. It was observed that surface hardness was significantly enhanced by FSP, and the highest mean hardness of 90.4 HV was observed. Furthermore, it was observed that the surface properties also significantly depend on PZ geometry. From experimental results, it was found that the specimens with the lowest width to depth ratio bears the highest hardness and vice versa. A clear effect of parameters was evident on the geometry of processed zones with a deep bowl, and shallow cup-shaped zones were formed with smaller and larger shoulder diameters, respectively. The samples were processed at 355 rpm, 63 mm/min, 17 mm shoulder, and 355 rpm, 80 mm/min. The 20 mm shoulder showed high tensile strength 292 MPa and 294 Mpa, respectively. The strength of these samples did not reduce much even after heating to 540oC.

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Friction Stir Welding of Thick Plates of 4Y3Gd Mg Alloy: An Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Development of Aluminium Metal Foams via Friction Stir Processing by Utilizing MgCO3 Precursor

Development of Aluminium Metal Foams via Friction Stir Processing by Utilizing MgCO3 Precursor

Effect of Traverse Speed Variation on Microstructural Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded WE43 Mg Alloy Joints

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of Ti-SiC reinforced AA5083 surface composites fabricated via friction stir process

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