Friedman Test on Spinal Fluid in Cases of Hydatidiform Mole and Pregnancy

Vesell, Morton; Goldman, Stanley

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)40631-9

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…He obtained positive responses with CSF from 2 patients with hydatidiform mole but no response with the CSF of normal pregnant women. Zondek (1937Zondek ( , 1942, Mathieu (1939) and Vesell and Goldman (1941) confirmed these findings on small groups of patients with inole, choriocarcinoma and normal pregnancy. On their evidence a positive pregnancy test on spinal fluid acquired a reputation as a means for distinguishing choriocarcinoma from normal pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

Rushworth¹,

Orr²,

Bagshawe³

1968

Br J Cancer

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THE original observations that the placenta produces a gonadotrophic hormone which is excreted in the urine (Hirose, 1920;Aschheim and Zondek, 1927) were soon followed by identification of a similar hormone in the urine and blood of patients with hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma (Zondek, 1929(Zondek, , 1942 Hamburger, 1944). These conditions were sometimes found to be associated with higher excretion rates of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) than were usually found in normal pregnancy but it is now recognised that in choriocarcinoma high values simply reflect extensive disease and in many instances the excretion rates of HCG are comparable to, or lower than those of normal pregnancy.The problem of distinguishing hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma from normal pregnancy led Ehrhardt (1931) to examine the spinal fluid for gonadotrophic activity by the Aschheim-Zondek test. He obtained positive responses with CSF from 2 patients with hydatidiform mole but no response with the CSF of normal pregnant women. Zondek (1937Zondek ( , 1942, Mathieu (1939) and Vesell and Goldman (1941) confirmed these findings on small groups of patients with inole, choriocarcinoma and normal pregnancy. On their evidence a positive pregnancy test on spinal fluid acquired a reputation as a means for distinguishing choriocarcinoma from normal pregnancy. McCormick (1954) studied patients with hydatidiform mole and also infused HCG into a nephrectomised dog. He concluded that the ratio of blood and spinal fluid concentrations was about 187: 1 and that HCG did not appear in the CSF until a high threshold value (excretion of 250,000 i.u. HCG/day in the urine) was exceeded. Tashima et al., (1965) also concluded that HCG did not appear in the CSF until a high threshold value was exceeded unless the patient had brain metastases from choriocarcinoma.Radioimmunoassay provides a more sensitive method for the quantitation of gonadotrophic hormones than the bioassay methods previously used. By radioimmunoassay it has been found that the concentration of HCG in the CSF of patients with trophoblastic tumours is directly proportional to the concentration in the plasma (Bagshawe, Orr, and Rushworth, 1968). In the present paper we compare the concentration of HCG in the CSF of patients with choriocarcinoma which has metastasised to the central nervous system (CNS) with the values found in patients who had no evidence of such metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODSDetails of the method, sensitivity and specificity of the radioimmunoassay have been described by Bagshawe (1965, 1967) and by Bagshawe, Wilde and Orr (1966). The method estimates both HCG and luteinising hormone (LH) and requires approximately 1 ml. of the sample fluid. Total CSF protein was estimated by a turbidimetric method using sulphosalicylic acid.

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mentioning

confidence: 61%

The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

Rushworth¹,

Orr²,

Bagshawe³

1968

Br J Cancer

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“…Oral administration of low-dose recombinant FSH (20 mIU/day) is known to reduce disease severity in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome [26]. Previous investigators have further found that LH can cross the blood-brain barrier [27,28], is present in cerebrospinal fluid [29][30][31] and can be produced by extra-hypothalamic neurons [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormones in Human Milk before and after Pasteurization or Refrigeration

et al. 2020

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Our aims were to investigate the presence of pituitary glycoprotein hormones in preterm and donor milk, and to examine the effects of Holder pasteurization and refrigeration on the levels of these hormones. We measured follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in milk samples from mothers who delivered prematurely (n = 27) and in samples of mothers who delivered at term and donated milk to the Mother’s Milk Bank of Iowa (n = 30). The gonadotropins and TSH were present in similar amounts within human milk produced for preterm and term infants. FSH increased 21% after refrigeration (p < 0.05), while LH declined by 39% (p < 0.05). Holder pasteurization decreased LH by 24% (p < 0.05) and increased TSH by 17% (p < 0.05). Holder pasteurization followed by refrigeration resulted in a 21% increase in FSH and a 41% decrease in LH (both p < 0.05), resulting in more than a 3-fold increase in donor milk FSH:LH ratios (p < 0.05 versus fresh donor milk). Despite structural similarities, the gonadotropins are differentially impacted by Holder pasteurization and refrigeration, and this results in marked alterations in the relative amount of FSH and LH that may be administered to preterm infants, potentially swinging hormonal balance towards ovarian hyperstimulation in females and hypogonadism in males.

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“…The findings that LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) can cross the blood–brain barrier (Lukacs et al. 1995); is present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Ehrhardt 1931; Zondek 1937, 1942;Mathieu 1939; Vesell and Goldman 1944; McCormick 1954, Tashima et al. 1965; Bagshawe et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Luteinizing hormone receptor mediates neuronal pregnenolone production via up‐regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression

Liu

Wimalasena

Bowen

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The functional consequences of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin signaling via neuronal luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors expressed throughout the brain remain unclear. A primary function of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the gonads is the stimulation of sex steroid production. As LH can cross the blood-brain barrier, present in cerebrospinal fluid and is expressed by neuronal cells, we tested whether LH might also modulate steroid synthesis in the brain. Treatment of differentiated rat primary hippocampal neurons and human M17 neuroblastoma cells with LH (100 mIU/mL) resulted in a twofold increase in pregnenolone secretion in both cell types, suggesting an increase in P450scc-mediated cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone and its secretion from neurons. To explore how LH might regulate the synthesis of pregnenolone, the precursor for steroid synthesis, we treated rat primary hippocampal neurons with LH (0, 10 and 100 mIU/mL) and measured changes in the expression of LH receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). LH induced a rapid (within 30 min) increase in the expression of StAR, but induced a dose-dependent decrease in LH receptor expression. Consistent with these results, the suppression of serum LH in young rats treated with leuprolide acetate for 4 months down-regulated StAR expression, but increased LH receptor expression in the brain. Taken together, these results indicate that LH induces neuronal pregnenolone production by modulating the expression of the LH receptor, increasing mitochondrial cholesterol transport and increasing P450scc-mediated cleavage of cholesterol for pregnenolone synthesis and secretion. Keywords: brain, estrogen, human, leuprolide acetate, luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone receptor, neuron, pregnenolone, rat, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Neurosteroids are synthesized by both neurons and glia, and a number of different functions have been attributed to specific neurosteroids. These include the modulation of memory and behavior, neuroprotection, and neurotrophic activities, such as the regulation of myelinization, microtubule assembly, and the growth of axons and dendrites (e.g. Abbreviations used: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; FBS, fetal bovine serum; LH/hCG, luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin; LRBP, LH receptor mRNA binding protein; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.

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Friedman Test on Spinal Fluid in Cases of Hydatidiform Mole and Pregnancy

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormones in Human Milk before and after Pasteurization or Refrigeration

Luteinizing hormone receptor mediates neuronal pregnenolone production via up‐regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression

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