Friendship choice and performance: Self-evaluation maintenance in children.

Tesser, Abraham; Campbell, Jennifer L.; Smith, Monte D.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.561

Cited by 118 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that researchers have defined the "personal consequence" of attributes differently. In some studies, the importance of the attribute to the individual has been considered (e.g., Tesser et al, 1984); qualitative research (e.g., Fordham & Ogbu, 1986;Peshkin, 1991) suggests that how strongly the adolescent is invested in the attitude or behavior is important for the selection of similar friends. In the current investigation, the strength of adolescents' academic orientations, ethnic identity, and degree of substance use were points of focus.…”

Section: Individual Contextual and Relationship Moderators Of Frienmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do birds of a feather flock together? The variable bases for African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents' selection of similar friends.

Hamm¹

2000

Developmental Psychology

178

152

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Variability in adolescent-friend similarity is documented in a diverse sample of African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents. Similarity was greatest for substance use, modest for academic orientations, and tow for ethnic identity. Compared with Asian American and European American adolescents, African American adolescents chose friends who were less similar with respect to academic orientation or substance use but more similar with respect to ethnic identity. For all three ethnic groups, personal endorsement of the dimension in question and selection of cross-ethnic-group friends heightened similarity. Similarity was a relative rather than an absolute selection criterion: Adolescents did not choose friends with identical orientations. These findings call for a comprehensive theory of friendship selection sensitive to diversity in adolescents' experiences. Implications for peer influence and self-development are discussed.H. S. Sullivan's (1953) seminal theorizing on the developmental features of friendship calls attention to the importance of shared interests, attitudes, and behaviors between adolescent friends in meeting basic social needs of companionship and intimacy. Close friendships are thought to be the most rewarding when both partners pursue activities and interests that are mutually engaging. Intimate self-disclosure, critical to adolescents as they come to understand who they are and what their place is in the world, is most satisfying and beneficial when it occurs between peers who share similar views with respect to issues of fundamental importance to them (Youniss & Smollar, 1985). Social psychological theory and research findings, too, demonstrate that similarity is a key platform for friendship selection and emphasize that adolescents seek friends who share endorsement of activities and orientations that are of consequence to them (T. M Newcomb, 1961; This study was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

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Section: Individual Contextual and Relationship Moderators Of Frienmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do birds of a feather flock together? The variable bases for African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents' selection of similar friends.

Hamm¹

2000

Developmental Psychology

178

152

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“…A first component of Tesser's model is relevant to the information manipulation portion of our hypothesis. When a comparison domain is of importance (and thus comparative information is potentially threatening), individuals can respond to comparisons by distorting perceptions of their own performance on an activity in ways that make the performance seem more positive (Tesser, Campbell, & Smith, 1984). Moreover, individuals can change their perceptions of the other person in ways that make the other person appear less positive relative to the self (Tesser & Campbell, 1982).…”

Section: The Motivated Manipulation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivated dimension manipulation in the processing of social comparison information

Kiviniemi

Snyder²,

Johnson

2008

Self and Identity

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Social comparisons allow individuals to gain knowledge of their traits and abilities. Individuals frequently have self-enhancement goals when processing self-relevant information. This study provided an initial test of the hypothesis that individuals engaging in social comparisons would manipulate cognitive representations of themselves and comparison targets in ways that allowed them to self-enhance. Participants were presented with upward, downward, or no social comparison information about their intelligence. They then completed a task, designed for this program of research, which assessed how participants altered cognitive representations of social comparison information. Results showed that participants altered cognitive representations in ways associated with greater perceived similarity to upward comparison targets and less similarity to downward comparison targets. This effect was moderated by self-esteem, suggesting that the process of manipulating cognitive representations of self-relevant information may serve selfenhancement motives. Understanding the cognitive processes involved in social comparisons is an important step towards accounting for the interplay of motivation and cognition in determining the outcomes individuals experience from social comparisons.

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“…Social comparison is the key factor during the process. Tesser et al (1984) explored the influence of social comparisons on the choice of friends and examined whether people would choose friends who performed better than they did or who performed poorly on a major dimension. They found that children would make friends with people who are somewhat inferior in their important fields.…”

Section: Dishonestymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interpersonal Impact of Social Comparison

Ding¹,

Liu²,

Li³

2018

PSYCH

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As a concept and phenomenon with strong interpersonal attributes, social comparison shouldn't be ignored its role in human interaction. This article outlines the interpersonal impact of social comparison, including pro-social behavior, conspicuous consumption, deception, and schadenfreude etc. According to the summary analysis, the upward comparison will bring more negative effects, and the downward comparison will bring more positive impacts. There have been some studies that have explored the psychological mechanisms of this process. Future research can make more exploration on the application scenes and psychological mechanisms.

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Friendship choice and performance: Self-evaluation maintenance in children.

Cited by 118 publications

References 16 publications

Do birds of a feather flock together? The variable bases for African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents' selection of similar friends.

Do birds of a feather flock together? The variable bases for African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents' selection of similar friends.

Motivated dimension manipulation in the processing of social comparison information

The Interpersonal Impact of Social Comparison

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