Friendship in School: Gender and Racial Homophily

Shrum, Wesley; Cheek, Neil H.; Hunter, Susan

doi:10.2307/2112441

Cited by 434 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The most consistent finding of the literature on peer groups (e.g., Shrum et al (1988) and McPherson et al (2001)) is that students tend to choose school friends of the same gender. Let g ∈ {M, F }, where M and F represent male and female respectively.…”

Section: Maximum Likelihoodmentioning

confidence: 80%

Measuring Peer Effects on Youth Smoking Behavior

Nakajima

2004

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThis paper examines the role of peer effects in smoking behavior using data of middle and high school students in the United States. I present a random utility model that explicitly incorporates complementarity between individual and peer smokings. A Markov process model of smoking interactions between individuals is presented, under the assumption that such interactions occur frequently. I estimate the structural parameters of the model using a steady state distribution that is uniquely determined by the Markov process . The empirical results strongly support the presence of positive peer effects in smoking behavior among young people. Interestingly, peer interactions are found to be stronger within the same gender than across genders. The same result is found for race. Moreover, a multiplier effect is found. The impact of a tax on youth smoking increases by a factor of 1.5 when peer interactions are present. JFL Classification: C15, C35, C63, I12

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Section: Maximum Likelihoodmentioning

confidence: 80%

Measuring Peer Effects on Youth Smoking Behavior

Nakajima

2004

SSRN Journal

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“…Is it possible to characterise the organisational and structural attributes of societies and predict which are likely to succeed? Similarly, the patterns of social interaction between students will evolve over time [37,29]. Students vary in terms of their sex, age, ethnicity, academic program and other variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition and the Dynamics of Group Affiliation

Geard

Bullock

2010

Advs. Complex Syst.

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How can we understand the interaction between the social network topology of a population and the patterns of group affiliation in that population? Each aspect influences the other: social networks provide the conduits via which groups recruit new members, and groups provide the context in which new social ties are formed. Given that the resources of individuals are finite, groups can be considered to compete with one another for the time and energy of their members. Such competition is likely to have an impact on the way in which social structure and group affiliation co-evolve. While many social simulation models exhibit group formation as a part of their behaviour (e.g., opinion clusters or converged cultures), models that explicitly focus on group affiliation are less common. We describe and explore the behaviour of a model in which, distinct from most current models, individual nodes can belong to multiple groups simultaneously. By varying the capacity of individuals to belong to groups, and the costs associated with group membership, we explore the effect of different levels of competition on population structure and group dynamics.

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“…Accordingly, White children and adolescents are less friendly (Hallinan & Teixeira, 1987), less intimate (Shelton et al, 2010, Stearns, Buchman, & Bonneau, 2009, and give less importance to their cross-ethnic peers (Pica-Smith, 2011) compared to ethnic minorities. Similarly, White majority group members tend to report higher same-ethnic friendship numbers (Clark & Ayers, 1992;Howes & Wu, 1990;Margie, Killen, Sinno, & McGlothlin, 2005;Shrum, Cheek, & Hunter, 1988) and lower levels of diversity in their friendship group compared to ethnic minorities (Fischer, 2008).…”

Section: Cross-ethnic Friendships Across Ethnic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-ethnic friendships: Are they really rare? Evidence from secondary schools around London

Bağcı¹,

Kumashiro²,

Smith³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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This study examined current cross-ethnic friendship patterns in secondary schools around London, UK, and the effects of ethnic group and ethnic diversity on cross-ethnic friendship selection and quality. Questionnaires including self-report ethnic group definitions and measures of same-/cross-ethnic friendship numbers, along with the quality of 3 best crossethnic friends, were distributed to 684 Year 7 (aged 11) British students (256 White European, 63 Middle Easterner, 118 Black, 247 South Asian) recruited from 9 multi-ethnic secondary schools (37 classrooms) in Greater London. In contrast to most previous research which suggested the relative rarity of cross-ethnic friendships, findings showed that crossethnic friendships were in fact frequent and of high quality, outnumbering same-ethnic friendships for all ethnic groups.After controlling for gender, classroom gender composition, percentage of available same-ethnic peers, ethnic identity and perceived discrimination, classroom ethnic diversity still had a marginally positive effect on cross-ethnic friendship selection, but had no effect on cross-ethnic friendship quality. White British children reported higher cross-ethnic friendship selection and lower cross-ethnic friendship quality compared to other ethnic groups, but this depended on classroom ethnic diversity. Implications of the findings are discussed in the light of intergroup contact and friendship theories. We conclude that research on cross-ethnic friendships is crucial in providing insights into how integration at the social level starts during early childhood in modern multi-ethnic settings like London secondary schools.

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Friendship in School: Gender and Racial Homophily

Cited by 434 publications

References 31 publications

Measuring Peer Effects on Youth Smoking Behavior

Measuring Peer Effects on Youth Smoking Behavior

Competition and the Dynamics of Group Affiliation

Cross-ethnic friendships: Are they really rare? Evidence from secondary schools around London

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