Fringing Field Impedance Sensor for Hydration Monitoring and Setting Time Determination of Concrete Material

Estimating Hardness of Cosmetic Cream Using Electro-Mechanical Impedance Sensing Technique

“…To overcome these limitations of destructive testing, various non-destructive tests have been proposed to evaluate the hardening of cementitious materials in the construction field [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Lee et al have proposed an electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) sensing technique using a piezoelectric sensor as a non-destructive test to evaluate the hardening of cementitious materials [20][21][22][23].…”

Detection of setting time in cement hydration using patch antenna sensor

“…Analyzing the electrical properties of cement during hydration, has led to the development of some low-cost hydration sensors were proposed. Kazi et al 14,20,21 proposed a low-cost setting time measurement system based on the transformer principle with a lossy capacitive load. The cement placed between two parallel metal plates behaves as a lossy dielectric, and the primary current in the cable changes with the process of cement hydration.…”