Frog (Pelophylax bergeri, Günther 1986) endocrine disruption assessment: characterization and role of skin poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases

Abstract

Model of the our research was the adult male amphibian anura, Pelophylax bergeri, poikilotherm species not considered threatened by the IUCN, sampled in representative sites at different degree. In the first phase, a biochemical characterization of the ADP-ribosylation on the skin of barcoded amphibian anura collected from Matese Lake (clean reference site in CE, Italy) was carried out. Two PARP isoforms were evidence: the first of 66 kDa is localized into nucleus and activated by DNA damage; the second of 150 kDa is in cytoplasm, as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Subsequently, the PARP activity, the quantitative expression of androgen receptor gene, and the levels of arsenic and chromium in skin and testis of frog and soil, water, and sediment collected from sites at different degrees of pollution were measured. A significant variation of PARP activity and androgen receptor expression levels was detected in both tissues of barcoded frogs from Sarno and Scafati, along Sarno River (SA, Italy), suggesting that a PARP activation is correlated to pollution and to steroid-regulated physiology disruption.

Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming

“…They usually use their own skin as a secondary respiratory surface, which is permeable to endogenous and exogenous substances whose potential harmful effects are contrasted by the combined action of keratins. This factor makes them particularly suitable as a biosentinel [122][123][124].…”

Male reproductive cycle of hibernating Korean greater horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): annual cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and morphological changes of the testes

“…Previous reports have suggested that steroid hormones, receptors and oxidative stresses might influence various aspects of reproduction. Further studies on light and temperature variations by antioxidants using enzymatic assay (Guerriero et al 2003), chromatography (Guerriero et al 2004) and expression analysis of steroid receptors (Guerriero et al 2005(Guerriero et al , 2009(Guerriero et al , 2017a and dosing free radicals with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Guerriero et al 2017b) are needed in the future.…”

Influence of temperature on reproduction and length of metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Anura)

“…Similarly, Vašeková (2017) shows a significant influence of temperature on the length of metamorphosis and the sex of Xenopus laevis. Other authors observed other factors in their study, such as reproductive biomarkers, free radicals by electron spin resonance (Guerriero et al 2017a), antioxidants using enzymatic assay (Guerriero et al 2003), chromatography (Guerriero et al 2004), and expression of steroid receptors (Guerriero et al 2005(Guerriero et al , 2009(Guerriero et al , 2017b, in parallel to the approach already used.…”