From &amp;quot;Racial Democracy&amp;quot; to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil

Htun, Mala

doi:10.1353/lar.2004.0010

Cited by 264 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sue is partially right. Many analysts have examined the role of the Census in 'race-making' and documented how it can produce artificial categories or miss others altogether (Nobles 2000;Kertzner and Arel 2001;Rodríguez 2009). Curiously, after making this point, Sue cites without any hesitation findings from Brazilian Census data (Telles 2004) 12 and from surveys on racial attitudes (Bailey 2002) to criticize me.…”

Section: Methodological and Interpretative Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Why would those at the top of any social structure be more cognizant of their advantages and of the way in which they are produced and maintained than those at the bottom? And how does he square his finding with white Brazilians' current (and growing) opposition to affirmative action (Htun 2004;Santos 2006)? When a finding does not fit, you must acquit, that is, the analyst must dig deeper to make sense of things.…”

Section: Methodological and Interpretative Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are the Americas ‘sick with racism’ or is it a problem at the poles? A reply to Christina A. Sue

Bonilla‐Silva¹

2009

Ethnic and Racial Studies

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Section: Methodological and Interpretative Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological and Interpretative Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Americas ‘sick with racism’ or is it a problem at the poles? A reply to Christina A. Sue

Bonilla‐Silva¹

2009

Ethnic and Racial Studies

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“…Nonetheless, concrete race-based affirmative action policies only started to appear in the early 2000s (Htun 2004). In 2001 Rio de Janeiro became the first state to pass legislation that reserved space in universities for Afro-Brazilians -or negros, the term most commonly used by black activists and the Brazilian government.…”

Section: Earlier Studies and Open Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A resurgence of black identity in Brazil? Evidence from an analysis of recent censuses

Miranda¹

2015

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDThe second half of the 20th century brought a sharp increase in the number of people self-identifying as "brown" in the Brazilian Censuses. Previous studies have demonstrated that this was not the result of demographic forces, such as differential birth rates, but of a large number of people changing their response in the censuses from "black" or "white" to "brown". Despite the increased black political activism of the last two decades, whether this historical pattern of racial reclassification continued after 1990 has not yet been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVEThis study investigates if the increase in identity politics by the Brazilian black movement since the 1990s was associated with a number of people changing their answers in the census from non-black to black. METHODSThe residual method is used to estimate a counterfactual scenario: what the distribution of the population by race would look like in the 2000 and 2010 censuses if no racial reclassification had occurred during the 1990s and 2000s. RESULTSThe "black" category experienced net gains of 2.2 million and 3.1 million newly reclassified members in the 2000 and 2010 censuses, respectively. By 2010 at least one in every three people in the black population was a newly reclassified black. The increase was particularly strong among males and the younger generations.

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“…O MNU, por exemplo, tomou como posição um racialismo radical com o afrocentrismo expresso no quilombismo proposto por Abdias do Nascimento. Nos anos 1980 e 1990, várias organizações surgiram para abordar a agenda racial, que vai desde a implementação de políticas de reconhecimento, a luta contra o racismo e preconceito até a criação de políticas afirmativas e de redistribuição (Htun, 2004) 8 . As reivindicações por políticas e legislação contra a discrimina-ção, assim como por redução das desigualdades raciais, são nitidamente diferentes das demandas culturais -tradicionalmente mais palatáveis ao Estado brasileiro como parte do mito fundacional oficial do sincretismo entre indígenas, negros e brancos (Guimarães, 2003).…”

Section: Raça E Comportamento Político No Brasilunclassified

Raça e comportamento político: participação, ativismo e recursos em Belo Horizonte

Bueno¹

2012

Lua Nova

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A discussão sobre raça na política brasileira é mote entre cientistas sociais de diversas perspectivas: pelo seu papel na formação do Estado nacional, nos movimentos sociais ou ainda nas políticas públicas voltadas a grupos raciais. Mas, pela maior parte da ciência política brasileira, é rapidamente descartada como irrelevante ou residual. Este texto, no entanto, toma o lugar da raça na política como uma questão central e propõe as seguintes questões: Qual é o papel da raça no comportamento político dos indivíduos? De que maneira o pertencimento a um grupo racial se expressa na atuação política? Qual é a interação entre raça e recursos como determinantes da participação? Para pensar as relações entre raça e comportamento político, uma das tradições de pesquisa mais estabelecidas em ciência política, por seus achados empíricos consistentes, argumenta que indivíduos com maior posse de recursos socioeconômicos, assim como orientações psicológicas * Este texto é parte da pesquisa apresentada em Bueno (2010). Agradeço a Adrian Gurza Lavalle, pela orientação minuciosa e rigorosa, e a Bruno Reis, George Avelino e Antonio Sérgio Alfredo Guimarães, pelos comentários e sugestões.

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From "Racial Democracy" to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil

Cited by 264 publications

References 40 publications

Are the Americas ‘sick with racism’ or is it a problem at the poles? A reply to Christina A. Sue

Are the Americas ‘sick with racism’ or is it a problem at the poles? A reply to Christina A. Sue

A resurgence of black identity in Brazil? Evidence from an analysis of recent censuses

Raça e comportamento político: participação, ativismo e recursos em Belo Horizonte

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