From Aquaculture to Aquaculture: Production of the Fish Feed Additive Astaxanthin by Corynebacterium glutamicum Using Aquaculture Sidestream

Schmitt, Imke; Meyer, Florian; Krahn, Irene; Henke, Nadja A.; Peters‐Wendisch, Petra; Wendisch, Volker F.

doi:10.3390/molecules28041996

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…These natural compounds are important products for different industries, such as the feed, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries . Currently, carotenoids are especially used as yellow to red colorants for food/beverage (e.g., β-carotene) and feed formulations (e.g., astaxanthin) . In addition, their demand in the health care, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries has been increasing as they are strong natural antioxidants. , In comparison to β-carotene, astaxanthin is a 54-fold better antioxidant .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Structurally Distinct Lycopene β-Cyclases for Production of the Cyclic C40 Carotenoids β-Carotene and Astaxanthin by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Göttl

Pucker

Wendisch

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Lycopene β-cyclase (EC 5.5.1.19) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of β-carotene and derived carotenoids. It catalyzes isomerase reactions to form β-carotene from lycopene by β-cyclization of both of its ψ-ends. Lycopene β-cyclases are widespread in nature. We systematically analyzed the phylogeny of lycopene β-cyclases from all kingdoms of life and predicted their transmembrane structures. To this end, a collection of previously characterized lycopene β-cyclase polypeptide sequences served as bait sequences to identify their closest homologues in a range of bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and plant species. Furthermore, a DeepTMHMM scan was applied to search for the presence of transmembrane domains. A phylogenetic tree suggests at least five distinct clades, and the DeepTMHMM scan revealed that lycopene β-cyclases are a group of structurally different proteins: membrane-bound and cytosolic enzymes. Representative lycopene β-cyclases were screened in the lycopene-overproducing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain for β-carotene and astaxanthin production. This systematic screening facilitates the identification of new enzymes for carotenoid production. Higher astaxanthin production and less reduction of total carotenoids were achieved with the cytosolic lycopene β-cyclase CrtL from Synechococcus elongatus and the membrane-bound heterodimeric lycopene β-cyclase CrtYcd from Brevibacterium linens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Structurally Distinct Lycopene β-Cyclases for Production of the Cyclic C40 Carotenoids β-Carotene and Astaxanthin by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Göttl

Pucker

Wendisch

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…2 ). This being 22% of astaxanthin of total carotenoid production, which shows inefficient conversion from precursor β-carotene to astaxanthin 22 , 49 . This strain was used as the parent strain for further improvement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing astaxanthin biosynthesis and pathway expansion towards glycosylated C40 carotenoids by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Göttl,

Meyer,

Schmitt

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Astaxanthin, a versatile C40 carotenoid prized for its applications in food, cosmetics, and health, is a bright red pigment with powerful antioxidant properties. To enhance astaxanthin production in Corynebacterium glutamicum, we employed rational pathway engineering strategies, focused on improving precursor availability and optimizing terminal oxy-functionalized C40 carotenoid biosynthesis. Our efforts resulted in an increased astaxanthin precursor supply with 1.5-fold higher β-carotene production with strain BETA6 (18 mg g−1 CDW). Further advancements in astaxanthin production were made by fine-tuning the expression of the β-carotene hydroxylase gene crtZ and β-carotene ketolase gene crtW, yielding a nearly fivefold increase in astaxanthin (strain ASTA**), with astaxanthin constituting 72% of total carotenoids. ASTA** was successfully transferred to a 2 L fed-batch fermentation with an enhanced titer of 103 mg L−1 astaxanthin with a volumetric productivity of 1.5 mg L−1 h−1. Based on this strain a pathway expansion was achieved towards glycosylated C40 carotenoids under heterologous expression of the glycosyltransferase gene crtX. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time astaxanthin-β-d-diglucoside was produced with C. glutamicum achieving high titers of microbial C40 glucosides of 39 mg L−1. This study showcases the potential of pathway engineering to unlock novel C40 carotenoid variants for diverse industrial applications.

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“…Aquatic animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids, so they need to be added into their feed [ 35 , 36 ]. Astaxanthin and other carotenoids have been widely used in aquatic feed formulations, achieving different biological functions [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Comparison of Effects of Antioxidant (Astaxanthin) Supplementation from Different Sources in Haliotis discus hannai Diet

Zou,

Hong,

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Dietary antioxidant supplementation, especially astaxanthin, has shown great results on reproductive aspects, egg quality, growth, survival, immunity, stress tolerance, and disease resistance in aquatic animals. However, the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation from different sources are still unknown. A comprehensive comparison of survival, growth, immune response, antioxidant activity, thermal resistance, disease resistance, and intestinal microbial structure was conducted in dietary antioxidant supplementation from the sources of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL), industrial synthetic astaxanthin (80 mg/kg astaxanthin actual weight, named as group ‘SA80’), Phaffia rhodozyma (80 mg/kg astaxanthin actual weight, named as group ‘PR80’) and Haematococcus pluvialis (120 mg/kg astaxanthin actual weight, named as group ‘HP120’) at their optimal supplementation amounts. Furthermore, the SA80, PR80, and HP120 groups performed better in all aspects, including survival, growth, immune response, antioxidant activity, thermal resistance, and disease resistance, compared with the GL group. The PR80 and HP120 group also had a better growth performance than the SA80 group. In terms of heat stress and bacterial challenge, abalone in the PR80 group showed the strongest resistance. Overall, 80 mg/kg astaxanthin supplementation from Phaffia rhodozyma was recommended to obtain a more effective and comprehensive outcome. This study contributes to the discovery of the optimum dietary astaxanthin supplementation source for abalone, which is helpful to improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of abalone. Future research can further explore the action mechanism and the method of application of astaxanthin to better exploit its antioxidant role.

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From Aquaculture to Aquaculture: Production of the Fish Feed Additive Astaxanthin by Corynebacterium glutamicum Using Aquaculture Sidestream

Cited by 9 publications

References 136 publications

Screening of Structurally Distinct Lycopene β-Cyclases for Production of the Cyclic C40 Carotenoids β-Carotene and Astaxanthin by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Screening of Structurally Distinct Lycopene β-Cyclases for Production of the Cyclic C40 Carotenoids β-Carotene and Astaxanthin by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Enhancing astaxanthin biosynthesis and pathway expansion towards glycosylated C40 carotenoids by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Comprehensive Comparison of Effects of Antioxidant (Astaxanthin) Supplementation from Different Sources in Haliotis discus hannai Diet

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