From automotive shredder residue to nano-ceramics and graphitic carbon—Thermal degradation kinetics

Mayyas, Mohannad; Mayyas, Moayad; Pahlevani, Farshid; Liu, Zhao; Rajarao, Ravindra; Sahajwalla, Veena

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2016.04.010

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…According to this relationship, a well-distinguished straight line should be resulted by plotting the logarithmic value of the pre-exponential factor against the activation energy. This characteristic relation of ln A with E also validates the kinetic parameters derived by the Coats-Redfern method [35]. Figure 4 (inset) is the kinetic compensation effect for the degradation of PLAP at a heating rate of 20 °C/min obtained from the plotting of ln A against E which is a distinct straight line and signifies the validation of Coats-Redfern model for the analysis of thermal disengagement of PLAP materials.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Kinetics Of Plapsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…system which is known as activation energy and the frequency of the molecular collisions during the degradation process can be considered as the pre-exponential factor [34]. The rate of devolatilization of the polymers from the PLAP can be estimated by the order of the reaction, n [35]. It can be noted from Table 2 that the value of activation energy increases from 18.184 to 29.201 kJ/mol to increase the order of the reaction (n) from 0 to 1.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Kinetics Of Plapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microrecycling of the metal–polymer-laminated packaging materials via thermal disengagement technology

2019

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Polymer-laminated metals are widely used in the packaging industries due to their flexibility of applications, superior properties, and relatively lower cost. Despite the advantages accomplished by the polymer-metal multilayer packaging materials, the recycling is a very difficult task due to the complexities of multimaterial intrinsic behaviors during the processing of cast-off materials. This study represents an innovative and sustainable way of recycling polymerlaminated aluminum packaging (PLAP) materials (postconsumer food packaging) into high-quality aluminum and a potential source of high-energy hydrocarbon gases and particulate carbon coproducts. Both sides of the aluminum foil of the packaging were laminated by two different polymers (polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene). Volatiles from the PLAP materials were eliminated by the thermal disengagement technology at 400-650 °C (5-30 min) with and without an inert gas supply. The volatiles evaporated from the PLAP materials were about 32%, and the rest 68% were aluminum (~ 65%) and carbon (~ 3%) from the decomposition of the polymers. The oxidation behavior of the surface of the recycled aluminum was studied by XRD, XPS, and elementary mapping, and a nanoscale oxidized surface was found in both inert and air atmospheric TD. The purity of the aluminum was measured above 98% by two different methods (LIBS and ICP-MS). The gaseous products released in TD were detected as high energy-carrying hydrocarbon, CO 2 , CO, H 2 , H 2 O, and few other gases observed by real-time monitoring. The clean gases released in TD might be utilized upon reforming into CH 4 or H 2 by further processing or as it turns out might be utilized as a source of heat energy for other applications. Carbon found from the decomposition of the hydrocarbons can be another useful element of this study. This recycling process offers an economically and environmentally feasible recycling strategy for a complex multilayer polymer-metal packaging waste.

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Section: Thermal Degradation Kinetics Of Plapsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Thermal Degradation Kinetics Of Plapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microrecycling of the metal–polymer-laminated packaging materials via thermal disengagement technology

2019

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“…As for the as-received ASR, ferrous and non-ferrous metals were first removed using magnetic and eddy current separation which resulted in the remaining ASR being composed mostly of plastics. The details of the as-received ASR, alongside its thermal degradation kinetics, can be found here [16] and the composition of the ASR is also shown here in Table III. As shown in the table, in addition to plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene, the ASR also contains some amount of free carbon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not surprising since C diffusion from the C-rich ASR into the surface of the steel is expected, which is in addition to the breaking Table III. Composition of the As-received ASR [16] Proximate down of organic materials in the ASR that results in the formation of C-saturated gas consisting of CO, CO 2 , and CH 4 . [10,11] Figures 2(b) and (d), and e show that the bulk material across all samples has a very similar martensitic microstructure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Waste Materials for the Manufacturing of Better-Quality Wear and Corrosion-Resistant Steels

Kan

Huang

Man

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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Decarburization of steels during heat treatment is a major problem for wear applications and for thin structural components as it often results in poorer surface hardness, strength, and fatigue performance. Additionally, corrosion is a major problem in many engineering applications. To address these issues, this study introduces a novel low-cost surface treatment that utilizes raw materials obtained from automotive waste. This technique was applied on a high-carbon low-alloy martensitic steel that is commonly used in industrial applications for its hardness, strength, and low production cost. The reduction in decarburization led to improved abrasion performance, while the steel's corrosion resistance was significantly improved through the formation of a thin ceramic layer across the steel's surface. This treatment, therefore, not only offers a cost-effective solution to decarburization and corrosion, but it also promotes a more sustainable future.

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“…Additionally, there is a great deal of research in high temperature transformation of these waste for example Mayyas et.al. [8] producing nano-ceramics and graphitic carbon through thermal degradation from mixed waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Marine Bio-Composite Using Empirical Data Combined with Finite Element Technique

et al. 2018

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After development of world-first marine bio-composite from 100% waste materials, the necessity of obtaining a simulation tool to predict the performance of this novel material under different conditions has arisen. This study examines the combination of empirical optimization and finite element simulation method as an economic and time-effective tool to predict the mechanical performance of novel complex bio-composite mixtures at the design phase. Bio-composite panels were manufactured introducing marine bio-fillers as secondary reinforcements in a wood–polypropylene particulate blend, from 100% waste resources. The particulate panels were subject to tensile test for mechanical characterization. Based on these results, some of the necessary parameters for finite element simulation has defined empirically and a finite element model was developed utilizing ANSYS software, performing a simulation series. Post-processing of the simulation results was carried out to predict the deformation behavior of the material during the three-point bending test. To validate this technique of material definition, the simulated static bending test results were verified with factual physical tests, and both techniques were well in accordance with each other. This simulation method demonstrated reliable feedback on the behavior of materials for the development of innovative complex materials. Therefore, the time invested, materials used and experimental procedures can be significantly reduced, having significant economic benefits for research and industrial projects.

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From automotive shredder residue to nano-ceramics and graphitic carbon—Thermal degradation kinetics

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

Microrecycling of the metal–polymer-laminated packaging materials via thermal disengagement technology

Microrecycling of the metal–polymer-laminated packaging materials via thermal disengagement technology

Utilization of Waste Materials for the Manufacturing of Better-Quality Wear and Corrosion-Resistant Steels

Simulation of Marine Bio-Composite Using Empirical Data Combined with Finite Element Technique

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