RBPs in the development and progression of bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the role of RBPs in predicting the survival of patients with BC. Clinical information and RNA sequencing data of the training and validation cohorts were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. Survival-related differentially expressed RBPs were identified using Cox regression analyses. A total of 113 upregulated and 54 downregulated RBPs were observed, with six showing prognostic values (AHNAK, MAP1B, LAMA2, P4HB, FASN, and GSDMB). In both the GSE32548 and GSE31684 datasets, patients with low-risk scores showed longer overall survival than those with high-risk scores. AHNAK, MAP1B, P4HB, and FASN expression were significantly upregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. BC tissues from the high-risk group showed higher proportions of naïve CD4+ T cells, macrophages M0 and M2, and neutrophils and lower proportions of plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, and T-cell follicular helper compared to the low-risk group. AHNAK knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of BC cells in vitro and inhibited the formation and growth of subcutaneous tumors in vivo. We thus developed and functionally validated a novel six-RBP-based prognostic model for BC.