From Birth to “Immunohealth,” Allergies and Enterocolitis

Houghteling, Pearl; Walker, W. Allan

doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000355

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A systematic review, analysing 24 trials, evaluated the efficacy and safety of probiotics for preventing NEC 130 and suggested that oral administration of probiotics decreases all-cause mortality and incidence of severe NEC in preterm infants; however, the precise probiotic agent, timing and length of therapy still remains to be established 128,130 . Emerging consensus is that the use of probiotics in NEC could be effective in reducing the incidence of the disease without increasing rates of sepsis or other adverse events 56,131,132 . Mechanistic insights supporting the use of probiotics are scarce but are starting to emerge.…”

Section: Strategies For Nec Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms

Niño

Sodhi

Hackam

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

445

394

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent and lethal disease of the gastrointestinal tract of preterm infants. At present, NEC is thought to develop in the premature host in the setting of bacterial colonization, often after administration of non-breast milk feeds, and disease onset is thought to be due in part to a baseline increased reactivity of the premature intestinal mucosa to microbial ligands as compared with the full-term intestinal mucosa. The increased reactivity leads to mucosal destruction and impaired mesenteric perfusion and partly reflects an increased expression of the bacterial receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the premature gut, as well as other factors that predispose the intestine to a hyper-reactive state in response to colonizing microorganisms. The increased expression of TLR4 in the premature gut reflects a surprising role for this molecule in the regulation of normal intestinal development through its effects on the Notch signalling pathway. This Review will examine the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of NEC, provide an overview of our current knowledge regarding its molecular underpinnings and highlight advances made within the past decade towards the development of specific preventive and treatment strategies for this devastating disease.

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Section: Strategies For Nec Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms

Niño

Sodhi

Hackam

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

445

394

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The human gastrointestinal microbiota makes essential contributions to host metabolic, physiological, and immune functions ( Fujimura et al, 2010 ), and aberrations in its structure contribute to pathologies and chronic disease states ( Houghteling and Walker, 2015 ). Microbiome assembly begins at birth and undergoes dynamic processes influenced by factors such as birth method, feeding method, and antibiotic treatment ( Bokulich et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation of the importance of colonization history in early-life gut microbiota assembly

Martínez

Maldonado-Gómez

Gomes-Neto

et al. 2018

eLife

165

144

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The factors that govern assembly of the gut microbiota are insufficiently understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that inter-individual microbiota variation can arise solely from differences in the order and timing by which the gut is colonized early in life. Experiments in which mice were inoculated in sequence either with two complex seed communities or a cocktail of four bacterial strains and a seed community revealed that colonization order influenced both the outcome of community assembly and the ecological success of individual colonizers. Historical contingency and priority effects also occurred in Rag1-/- mice, suggesting that the adaptive immune system is not a major contributor to these processes. In conclusion, this study established a measurable effect of colonization history on gut microbiota assembly in a model in which host and environmental factors were strictly controlled, illuminating a potential cause for the high levels of unexplained individuality in host-associated microbial communities.

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“…9,11,15 Significantly high cesarean delivery rate seen in cases should cause instances of impaired establishment of healthy gut and other micro biome, serving immune function protective against infection. 8,21,22 Very significantly high prevalence of low birth weight among the cases contributed to ALRI risk, as per inferences drawn by many studies. 6,9,13,15 Low birth weight in term infants is surrogate marker of intrauterine growth restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Risk factors of acute lower respiratory tract infection: a study in hospitallized central Indian children under 5 year age

Pandit

Deepti

2018

MOJCRR

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Background and aim: Preventive measures of regional relevance can be conceived based on understanding of predominant risk factors. Present observational study endeavored collection of evidence on hierarchy of risk factors for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), in under 5 year age children hospitalized in a city in central India. Method: A transactional case control observational study was carried out in 100 hospitalized under 5 year age children of ALRI and 100 healthy babies of similar age and sex composition selected as controls concurrently from immunization and well baby clinic. Hierarchical order of risk factors was elucidated. Result: Low birth weight, incomplete immunization, faulty breast feeding and weaning practices, poor living condition and malnutrition, prematurity and caesarian birth were prominent risk factors for ALRI. First year of life reveals as most vulnerable period in the regard. Conclusion: Risk factors defined by the study are consistent with other reports but, with a variant hierarchical pattern. Good antenatal and immunization care, good breast feeding and nutrition care, restriction of overcrowding and infection from family contacts emerged as key prevention percepts. Effective health education and access to basic mother child health services, specially to premature and those under 1 year age appeared as pertinent preventive interventions against ALRI in preschool babies in specific regional context.

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From Birth to “Immunohealth,” Allergies and Enterocolitis

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms

Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms

Experimental evaluation of the importance of colonization history in early-life gut microbiota assembly

Risk factors of acute lower respiratory tract infection: a study in hospitallized central Indian children under 5 year age

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